Circulatory System Part 2

nourishment

nourishment

although the heart is filled with blood, this blood provides little …. to the heart walls

coronary arteries

the blood supply to the heart tissue itself is delivered by ……

aorta, apex

the coronary branch off the base of the …… and descents towards the ….. of the heart

cardiac veins

the deoxygenated blood/blue blood from the heart is carried away into the right atrium by …….

cardiac veins

delivers blood to superior and inferior vena cava

heart attack

if someone has pain in left arm, headache, pain in left shoulder, jaw, vomiting and sweating, shortness of breath they are most likely experiencing ……

coronary artery disease

….. is caused by the blockage of one of the coronary arteries(atherosclerosis) due to fat build up

blood, oxygen

if there is a blockage in the heart it causes heart pain-due to the lack of …… and …….

angina

….. is the lack of blood and oxygen due to fat build up(coronary artery disease)

myocardial infraction(heart attack)

if angina worsens, the oxygen-starved cardiac muscle cells die which is called ……

1. coronary angioplasty

2. stenting

3. coronary artery bypass surgery

treatments for coronary artery disease

1. thin tube with a balloon at the end is threaded through a blood vessel(femoral artery)

2. the balloon is inflated, pushing plaque outwards against the wall of the artery

3. widens the artery and restores normal blood flow

explain coronary angioplasty procedure

stent

a ….. is a small, mesh like device that surrounds a balloon which stays in place

1. stent and balloon is inserted through artery and threaded to coronary arteries

2. balloon is inflated causing mesh to expand

3. mesh remains inside of artery to make a more permanent fix

explain the stenting procedure

1. blood vessel from another part of body is removed and bypasses the blocked coronary artery

2. bypass vessel runs from aorta to distal, unclogged part of the damaged coronary artery

explain the coronary artery bypass surgery

coronary artery bypass surgery

when there is too much fat blockage in a coronary artery disease they must use what procedure

saphenous vein(in leg)

during coronary artery bypass surgery which vein do they usually use

systole

contraction of heart chambers

diastole

relaxation of heart chambers

filling with blood

while the heart chambers is in a state of diastole it meanings that they are ………….

relaxed

when the atria are ……. they are filled with blood

atrioventricular

when the atria is full with blood, the muscular walls contract which increases the pressure and forces ……. valves to open

atrioventricular

blood flows into the ventricles and fills them causing them to contract which increase in ventricular pressure causing the …….. valves to shut

LUBB

……. sound is produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and is the first sound heard

semilunar

as ventricles contract, it causes the atrioventricular valves to close and the resultant ventricular pressure is high, causing blood to push open the ……. valves, forcing them to open

semilunar valves

in the arteries, blood falls back onto ….. valves causing them to close

DUBB

…… sound is produced by the closing of the semilunar valves

1. atrias are relaxed(states of diastole) and is filling with blood

2. when they are filled with blood they are in a state of systole

3. they will push blood into the ventricles which are in a state of diastole

4. when the ventricles are filled with blood(from atria) they are in a state of systole

5. this increases pressure which causes the atrioventricular valves to shut(the sound is LUBB)

6. at the same time the atrioventricular valves shuts then blood enters arteries attached to the ventricles

7. some of that blood will fall back onto the semilunar valves causing them to shut

8. the closing of semilunar valves gives the DUBB sound

steps for LUBB and DUBB sounds

the blood is flowing back which means no closing of semilunar valve

if a doctor hears a LUBB whoosh what is occurring

there is no closing of atrioventricular valves

if a doctor hears a whoosh DUBB what is occurring

heart murmur

…… means one hears LUBB whoosh or whoosh DUBB

arrhythmias

…… any change from the normal sequence of the electrical impulse, causing abnormal heart rhythms

tachycardia

…. is if the heart beats more than 100 beats/minute

bradycardia

…. is if the heart beats less than 60 beats/minute

shortness of breath, dizziness, blackouts, fainting

what are the symptoms of tachycardia and bradycardia

both do not get oxygen rich blood

why do tachycardia and bradycardia have the same symptoms

defibrillator

corrects arrhythmias by shocking the heart

pacemaker

…. can take charge of sending the signal

blood pressure

is the force of blood on the walls of the arteries as blood surges through them with every heartbeat

sphygmomanometer

blood pressure can be measures with a

sphygmomanometer

…. has a cuff with an air bladder that is wrapped around the arm

1. small pump is used to inflate air bladder which closes the blood flow through the brachial artery

2. stethoscope is placed below the cuff and air is slowly released from bladder till a low pitched sound is heard

3. the cuff is deflated until sound dissapears

4. blood flows into the artery during ventricular relaxation or filling

steps for using sphygmomanometer process

the sound is caused by blood entering the previously closed artery each time the heart contracts

when air is slowly released from the bladder of a cuff a low pitched sound can be detected, why

gauge

a ….. on the sphygmomanometer measures the pressure exerted by the blood during the ventricular contraction

systolic

in the cuff, during the ventricular contraction the 1 sound and pressure is called ….. blood pressure

120 mm Hg

normal systolic blood pressure for young adults is around …….

diastolic blood pressure

what is the blood pressure called when the blood flows into the artery during ventricular relaxation or filling and brachial artery is completely open

around 80 mm Hg

normal diastole blood pressure for young adults is ……

systolic BP/diastolic BP

blood pressure formula

around 120 mmHg/ around 80 mm Hg

normal blood pressure formula for young adults

high

if one has 140/90 blood pressure they have … blood pressure

low

if one has 100/80 blood pressure they have … blood pressure

1. cardiac output

2. arteriolar resistance

factors that affect blood pressure(2)

cardiac output

amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute

smooth muscles

diameter of arterioles is regulated by …….. surrounding them

arteriolar resistance

…… is the constriction of smooth muscles which closes the opening and reduces blood flow which means there is more blood left in the artery. this increase blood volume in the artery produces an increase in blood pressure

you would want more water which adds water to your blood and increase the blood volume

why is eating more salt increase blood pressure

cholesterol

a diet high in ….. can cause the arteries to become clogged reducing their elasticity and narrowing the vessels resulting in high blood pressure

adrenaline

artificial stimulants like caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol imitate the effect of …… which causes a temporary increase in heart rate

1. high diet in salt

2. cholesterol

3. artificial stimulants(caffeine)

4. heredity

5. age

6. lack of exercise

blood pressure risk factors

beats/minute

formula heart rate is equal to

72 beats/min

average heart beat per minute

stroke volume

amount of blood forced out of the heart with each heartbeat

1. Sinoatrial Node

2. atrial conducting fibers

3. atrioventricular node

4. bundle of his

5. bundle branches

6. purkinje fibers

how is it possible that the heart can continue beating? list the steps

70 mL

average amount of stroke volume

stroke volume(mL/beats) x heart rate(beats/min) = (mL/min)

cardiac output formula

1 is most healthy since the amount is closed to the average

2 has tachycardia

3 has bradycardia

Rank most healthy to least healthy

1. cardiac output: 4900, stroke volume: 70, heart rate: 70

2. cardiac output: 4900, stroke volume: 50, heart rate: 98

3. cardiac output: 4900, stroke volume: 140, heart rate: 35

xyz = common carotid

1. aorta

2. Superior Vena Cava

3. Right Pulmonary artery

4. Right pulmonary veins

5. right atrium

6. tricuspid atrioventricular valve

7. right ventricle

8. inferior vena cava

9. left pulmonary artery

10. left pulmonary veins

11. left atrium

12. bicuspid atrioventricular valve

13. aortic semilunar valve

14. left ventricle

15. omit

16. pulmonary semilunar valve

label

1. aortic arch

2. ascending aorta

3. thoracic aorta

4. abdominal aorta

5. descending aorta(Thoracic aorta + abdominal aorta)

label

myogenic muscles

muscles that does not require any nerve stimulation to make them contract

sinoatrial node

the heart’s beat or tempo is set by the

right atrium

sinoatrial node is a bundle of specialized muscle tissue located in the wall of the …..

pacemaker

the sinoatrial node acts like ….. setting the rhythm of heart beat

atria

the sinoatrial node generates an electrical impulse that spreads over the 2 …..

atrial conducting fibers

the sinoatrial node generates an electrical impulse that spreads over the two atrias through …….

atrioventricular node

as the atria contract, the impulse travels down to another node called the ……

right atrium

where is the atrioventricular node located at the base of the …..

Bundle of His

from the atrioventricular node the signal moves to the …..

bundle branches

from there the signal travels down the septum and up the ventricular walls through left and right …..

purkinje fibers

these branches sent out numerous long fibers called …… which are distributed all over the ventricular muscles

bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

together the ……. and ……. cause the stimulation of the ventricles

electrocardiogram

the change in voltage produced by these electrical signals can be measured using a device …….

1. internal jugular vein

2. subclavian vein

3. brachial vein

4. renal vein

5. femoral vein

6. popliteal vein

7. great saphenous vein

8. common carotid artery

9. subclavian artery

10. abdominal aorta

11. brachial artery

12. renal artery

13. common iliac artery

14. radial artery

15. ulnar artery

16. femoral artery

17. popliteal artery

label

arteries

blood vessel that has the highest blood pressure and highest speed

the pulmonary circuit

this system of blood vessels carries deoxygenated (no oxygen) blood to the lungs and oxygenated (with oxygen) from the lungs

systemic circuit

this system of blood vessels carries oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart

1. pulmonary arteries - arteries with oxygen poor blood

2. pulmonary veins - veins with oxygen rich blood

3. senior and inferior - drain oxygen poor blood upper and lower body and return

describe the order of pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

A and O

blood type A can receive blood from

B and O

blood type B can receive blood from

any

blood type AB can receive blood from

only O

blood type O can receive blood from