Alkane, alkenes and alcohols

what is the general formula for alkanes

CnH2n+2

what is the general formula for alkenes

CnH2n

what is a hydrocarbon

a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

definition of saturated compound

the compound has the maximum number of bonded atoms

definition of unsaturated compound

a compound does not have the maximum number of 4 bonded atoms

characteristics of alkanes

- single covalent bond
- saturated
- C-H + C-C single bond
- non-polar substances (very little attraction and no charged ends)
- will burn completely in sufficient oxygen

what is the suffix of alkanes

-ane

what is the suffix of alkenes

-ene

what is the test to differentiate between alkenes and alkanes

add bromine water to an alkane/alkene

what will happen when bromine water is added to an alkane

- it remains an orange-brown liquid
- it didn't decolourise

why does bromine water not decolourise with an alkane

because it is a saturated hydrocarbon

what will happen when bromine water is added to an alkene

- it turns clear
- decolourises the bromine water

why does bromine water decolourise with alkenes

because alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons and are able to undergo an addition reaction for a new molecule to form
- double bond breaks and a spare electron covalently bonds with bromine

structural formula for bromine and water

what does cyclohexane look like

what does cyclohexene look like

alkane and alkene solubility

it non-soluble in water because its a non-polar substance and negligible

characteristics of hydrocarbons

the longer the carbon chain the stronger the intermolecular forces

what is the general formula of alcohols

CnH2n+1OH

what state are alcohols at room temperature

liquids

why are alcohols easier to transport

its a liquid at room temperature

characteristics of alkenes

- double covalent bonds between two carbon atoms
- one carbon-carbon double bond per molecule
- unsaturated (double-bond can break)

why does methene not exist

since two carbon atoms are required to form a double bond (methane only has one)

alkanes summary

alkenes summary

methanol and ethanol general formula

methanol - CH3OH
ethanol - C2H5OH