Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors (3)

Exam 2 Microbio

Synthesis of cytokines is ____ (burst)

transient

cytokines such as IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IFNa can induce cell ______

activation

Cytokines such as ____ and _____ participate in the recruitment of ____ from the _____

IL-1; TNFa; neutrophils; blood

Cytokines ( ____, ______, and _____)released in the circulation induce cells from the _____ to.....

IL-6; IL-1; TNF; liver; produce acute-phase reactants

IFNy is produced by ___ cells and induces...

NK cells; activation of macrophages

IFNa produced by macrophages can...

activate NK cells

M1 macrophages are _____ while M2 macrophages are _____

pro-inflammatory; anti-inflammatory

T cells produce cytokines that affect several cell types. They produce ______ that promote Th1 cell proliferation

IL-2

Cytokine that induces Th1 cell DIFFERENTIATION

IL-12

IL-4 induces ____ cell differentiation

Th2

IL6/TGFB induces _____ cell differentiation

Th17

____ cells produce IFNy

Th1

Th17 cells produce ____ and ______

IL-17; IL-22

Th2 cells produce ____,____, and _____

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Summarize the cytokines produced by T cells

IFNy activate _____ and help ____ cells switch the isotype of the immunoglobulin they produce to IgG

macrophages; B

_____ and _____ lead to neutrophil activation

IL-17; IL-22

_____ activate and eosinophils and IL-4 helps ____ cells switch the immunoglobulin the produce to ____.

IL-5; B; IgE

T follicular helper cells (Tfh) in the germinal center produce ____ that helps ____ cells produce ______

IL-21; B; immunoglobulins

TNF___ is mostly produced by activated macrophages. TNF____ is produced by activated T and B cells

a; B

In case of a systemic infection (sepsis), _____ is produced by macrophages and released in the bloodstream. Decreased blood volume and disseminated intravascular coagulation that ensue can cause vessel collapse and can lead to ____ ______ associated with ____ ____ _____ and amputation.

TNFa; septic shock; multiple organ failure

what cell types produce IFNa

epithelial cells

fibroblasts

endothelial cells

macrophages

Dendritic cells

cell types that produce IFNy

lymphocytes and NK cells

Viral dsRNA binding to _____ triggers production of _______ that induces an antiviral state in uninfected cells in the vicinity

TLR3; IFNa/B

the main function of chemokines is to...

stimulate leukocyte movement by binding to chemokine receptors on these cells

what chemokines mediate the movement of leukocytes from the blood to tissues?

IL-8 or CXCL8 binds to CXCR2

what chemokines mediate the movement of leukocytes from infection sites to draining lymph nodes?

CCL19/CCL21 bind to CCR7

what chemokines mediate the movement of leukocytes from primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen?

CCL19/CCL21 bind to CCR7 and CXCL13 binds to CXCR5

what chemokines mediate the movement of leukocytes from lymphoid organs to infection sites?

CXCL10 binds to CXCR3

How do chemokines affect leukocytes?

they mediate movement of leukocytes from lower to higher concentration