Organic Chemsitry Exam 1

2 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs

Linear

2 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

180

3 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs

Trigonal Planar

3 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

120

3 Electron Groups 1 Lone Pairs

Bent

3 Electron Groups 1 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

<120

4 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs

Tetrahedral

4 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

109.5

4 Electron Groups 1 Lone Pairs

Trigonal Pyramid

4 Electron Groups 1 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

<109.5 (~107)

4 Electron Groups 2 Lone Pairs

Bent

4 Electron Groups 2 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

<109.5 (~105)

5 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs

Trigonal bipyramidal

5 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

90, 120

5 Electron Groups 1 Lone Pairs

See-saw

5 Electron Groups 1 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

<90, <120

5 Electron Groups 2 Lone Pairs

T-structure

5 Electron Groups 2 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

<90

5 Electron Groups 3 Lone Pairs

Linear

5 Electron Groups 3 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

180

6 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs

Octahedral

6 Electron Groups 0 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

90

6 Electron Groups 1 Lone Pairs

Square pyramidal

6 Electron Groups 1 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

90, <90

6 Electron Groups 2 Lone Pairs

Square planar

6 Electron Groups 2 Lone Pairs Bond Angle

90

Ionic Bonding

One Metal + Non-Metal

One would be an electron donor, while the other would be an electron acceptor

Covalent Bonding

Non-Metal + Non-Metal

Mutual sharing of an electron

Formal Charge Equation

# of Valence Electrons - # of non-bonded electrons - (# of bonded electrons/2)

Sigma

Head to head overlap

Pi

Lateral Overlap

Hybridization

Mixing of atomic orbitals

Hydrocarbons

Compounds containing C and H

Alkanes

Simplest hydrocarbon

Saturated Hydrocarbons

All single bonds and contains the max nuumber of hydrogens possible

Name: CH4

Methane

Name: C2H6

Ethane

Name: C3H8

Propane

Name: C4H10

Butane

Name: C5H12

Pentane

Name: C6H14

Hexane

Name: C7H16

Heptane

Name: C8H18

Octane

Name: C9H20

Nonane

Name: C10H22

Decane

Isomers

Molecules that have the same molecular formula, but there is something different about them

Constitutional Isomer

Molecular Formula is the same, but different bonding pattern

Stereoisomer

Molecular Formula and bonding pattern same, arrangements of atoms in space is different

Name the 2 Stereoisomers

Cis-Trans and Optical

Naming Conventions of IUPAC Nomenclature

Number where substituent is attached - Identity of Substituent - Parent Carbon chain

Isopropyl Group

Secbutyl Group

Tertbutyl Group

IHD Formula

((2C+2)-H+N/P-x)/2

Intermolecular Forces (Strongest to Weakest)

Ion-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole-Dipole, Dispersion

Alkenes

Organic compounds with one or more C=C double bonds

Alkynes

Organic compounds that have one or more triple bonds

Alcohol Functional Group

R-OH

Thiol Functional Group

R-SH

Ethers Functional Group

ROR’

Aldehyde

RCHO; Carbonyl Functional Group

Ketones

R’COR; Carbonyl Functional Group

Carboxylic Acid

RCOOH; Carbonyl Functional Group

Esters

RCOOR’; Carbonyl Functional Group

Amides

RONH2; Carbonyl Functional Group

Amines Functional Group

Nitro Functional Group

R-NO2

Nitride Functional Group

What is/are the R(s) in the Nitro Functional Group?

C-Containing Group

What is/are the R(s) in the Nitride Functional Group?

C-Containing Group

What is/are the R(s) in the Amides Functional Group?

R → H or a C-Containing Group

R’ and R” → C-Containing Group

What is/are the R(s) in the Amines Functional Group?

R → Some C-Containing Group

What is/are the R(s) in the Esters Functional Group?

R → H or C-Containing Group

R’ → C-Containing group same or different than R

What is/are the R(s) in the Carboxylic Acid Functional Group?

R → Either H or a C-Containing Group

What is/are the R(s) in the Ketones Functional Group?

R and R’ → Both are carbon containing groups; same or different

What is/are the R(s) in the Aldehydes Functional Group?

R → H or C-Containing Group

What is/are the R(s) in the Ethers Functional Group?

R and R’ → Both are C-Containing Groups; Same or Different

What is/are the R(s) in the Thiols Functional Group?

R → C-Containing Group

What is/are the R(s) in the Alcohols Functional Group?

R → Has to be some C-Containing Group