Anatomy & Physiology II Unit 1 Exam Review

What happens to levels of insulin during starvation? 

Insulin levels decrease

What happens to levels of insulin after eating? 

Insulin levels rise

What happens to levels of glucagon during starvation? 

Glucagon levels rise

What happens to levels of glucagon after eating?

Glucagon levels decrease

What happens to a diabetic if too much insulin is injected? 

The person is at risk of developing hypoglycemia

What do you give a diabetic person if they injected too much insulin? 

You need to give them glucagon

What is Cushing disease?

Cushing syndrome happens when the body has too much cortisol for a long time. It causes a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on the skin. It can also cause high blood pressure or bone loss as well as type 2 diabetes.

What is polyuria?

Excessive urine production

What is polydipsia?

Excessive thirst

What is hematuria?

Blood is urine

What is acromegaly?

Overproduction of growth hormone (GH)

What is gigantism?

Excessive growth in height due to the overproduction of growth hormone (GH)

What is dwarfism?

An adult height of 4’10” or less

What do osteoclasts do?

Break down old or damaged bone tissue

Who do osteoblasts do?

Form new bones and grow and heal existing ones

What is angiotensin I?

A decapeptide (a protein chain consisting of 10 amino acids) produced in the body when the enzyme renin, released by the kidneys, acts on a protein called angiotensinogen, which is created by the liver.

What is angiotensin II?

A naturally occurring hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.

What is renin?

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers that coordinate different functions in your body

What is the endocrine system?

A complex network of glands and organs that uses hormones to control and coordinate your body’s metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood.