Cell Cycle + Mitosis + Meiosis

cell cycle

life cycle of cell growth + division

interphase

non-dividing phase (G1, S, G2)

G1

growth phase

S phase

DNA replication phase

G2

preparation for mitosis

mitsosis

division of nucleus

cytokinesis

division of cytoplasm

G0

Resting state

checkpoints

control points for cycle safety

apoptosis

programmed cell death

centriole

helps organize spindle fibers

spindle fibers

move chromosomes during division

prophase

chromosomes condense

metaphase

chromosomes line up

anaphase

chromatids separate

telophase

nuclei reform

homologus chromosomes

pair: one from mom, one from dad

allele

gene version

chromatid

one DNA copy of chromosome

centromere

region holding sister chromatids

kinetochore

attachment point for spindle fibers

meiosis

makes gametes (s*x cells)

haploid

1 set of chromosomes (n)

diploid

2 sets of chromosomes (2n)

meiosis 1

separates homologous chromosomes

meiosis 2

separates sister chromatids

tetrad

homologous pair lined up in meiosis I

crossing over

DNA exchange between homologs

gametes

s*x cells (sperm/egg)

zygote

fertilized egg (diploid)

heterozygous

two different alleles

homozygous

two same alleles

genotype

genetic makeup

phenotype

physical expression of genes