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Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondria
The electron transfer chain and the synthesis of ATP: electrong transfer chain
At the end Of the chain the electrons combine with these protons
and oxygen to form water. Oxygen is therefore the final acceptor of
electrons in the electron transler chain.
Releasing energy in stages:
In general, the greater the energy that is released in a Single step.
the more 01 it is released as heat and the less there is available lor
more useful purposes. When energy is released a little at a time.
more of it can be harvested for the benefit of the organism. For this
reason, the electrons carried by NAD and FAD are not transferred in
one explosive step. Instead they are passed along a series of electron
transfer carrier molecules. each of which is at a slightly lower energy
level (Figure 3). The electrons therefore move down an energy
gradient. The transfer of electrons down this gradient allows their
energy to be released gradually and therefore more usefully.
Alternative respiration substrates:
Respiration of lipids:
Respiration of protein: