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Weber's Law
Refers to the just noticeable difference in stimuli
Young-Helmholtz Color Theory (Trichromatic Theory)
Explains color perception based on red, blue, or green-sensitive cones
Opponent-Process Color Theory
Organizes color information into 3 antagonistic pairs
Place Theory
Links perceived pitch to specific regions in the auditory system
Frequency Theory
Relates pitch perception to sound wave frequency and neuron firing rate
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Suggests facial sensations influence emotional experiences
Statistical Significance
Indicates results unlikely to occur by chance, typically at a 0.05 level
Template-Matching Theory
Recognition based on stored templates
Prototype-Matching Theory
Recognition involves comparing to a typical example
Feature-Analysis Theory
Recognition based on distinctive features
Restorative Theory
Sleep is necessary for physical and mental replenishment
Adaptive Nonresponding Theory
Sleep and inactivity have evolutionary advantages
Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis
Dreams result from random neural activity
Thorndike's Law of Effect
Behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments
Premack Principle
High-probability behaviors can reinforce low-probability behaviors
Continuity vs
Debate on development theories regarding nature and nurture
Serial Position Phenomenon
Order of presentation influences memory recall
Primacy Effect
Better memory for items presented first
Recency Effect
Better memory for items presented last
Decay Theory
Forgetting due to interference from similar materials
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Language shapes and limits experiences
Hull's Drive-Reduction Model
Motivation stems from fulfilling needs
Cognitive Consistency Theory
Inconsistencies create motivation to reduce tension
Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Describes the discomfort from conflicting beliefs
Arousal Theories
Individuals seek optimal levels of stimulation
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Performance improves with arousal to a point, then declines
Incentive Theory
Behavior is driven by anticipated rewards
James-Lange Theory
Emotions arise from bodily changes
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