Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)

What is Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)?

Is a condition caused by mutations in the β-2 integrin, which is shared by the LFA-1, CR3, and CR4 adhesion proteins, leading to impaired immune cell function.

How does a mutation in LFA-1 affect immune function?

A mutation in LFA-1 impairs the migration of innate immune cells to sites of infection, making it harder for the immune system to respond effectively.

What happens when CR3 and CR4 adhesion proteins are affected in LAD?

Loss of CR3 and CR4 impairs the ability to recognize C3b on pathogens, affecting phagocytosis and immune recognition of microbes.

What are the consequences of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)?

Patients with LAD are susceptible to recurrent bacterial infections due to impaired immune cell migration and pathogen recognition.