AHS-102 Digestive System

Chapter 8

Digestive System

mechanically and chemically breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the body

organs of the digestive system

mouth, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, intestines, anus

an/o

anus (cf)

append/o, appendic/o

appendix (cf)

bar/o

weight (cf)

bucc/o

cheek (cf)

cec/o

cecum (cf)

cholangi/o

bile duct (cf)

chol/e

bile, gall (cf)

cholecyst/o

gallbladder (cf)

choledoch/o

common bile duct (cf)

cirrh/o

yellow (cf)

col/o

colon (cf)

dent/o, odont/o

tooth (cf)

diverticul/o

pouch (cf)

duoden/o

duodenum (cf)

enter/o

small intestine (cf)

esophag/o

esophagus (cf)

gastr/o

stomach (cf)

gingiv/o

gums (cf)

gloss/o, lingu/o

tongue (cf)

hepat/o

liver (cf)

ile/o

ileum (cf)

jejun/o

jejunum (cf)

labi/o

lip (cf)

lapar/o

abdomen (cf)

lith/o

stone (cf)

or/o

mouth (cf)

palat/o

palate (cf)

pancreat/o

pancreas (cf)

pharyng/o

pharynx (cf)

polyp/o

polyp (cf)

proct/o

anus and rectum (cf)

pylor/o

pylorus (cf)

pyr/o

fire (cf)

rect/o

rectum (cf)

sialaden/o

salivary gland (cf)

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon (cf)

\-emesis

vomit (s)

\-emetic

pertaining to vomiting (s)

\-iatric

pertaining to medical treatment (s)

\-istry

specialty of (s)

\-lithiasis

condition of stones (s)

\-orexia

appetite (s)

\-pepsia

digestion (s)

\-phagia

eat, swallow (s)

\-prandial

pertaining to a meal (s)

\-tripsy

surgical crushing (s)

muscular tube

30ft; called gut, alimentary canal, or gastrointestinal tract

organs in gut tube

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

accessory organs

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

within the oral cavity

teeth break up food, tongue moves food, saliva lubricates food, taste buds detect flavors

palate

roof of oral cavity

hard palate

bony anterior portion

soft palate

flexible posterior portion

uvula

hangs from soft palate, involved in speech production and gag reflex

teeth in front

bite, tear, and cut food; incisors, cuspids

teeth in back

grind and crush food; bicuspids, molars

crown

lies above gum line, covered by hard enamel

root

below the gum line, anchored in the jaw by cementum and periodontal ligaments

pharynx

food passes through

esophagus

muscular tube about 10in, carries food through thoracis and abdominal cavities, food propelled by peristalsis

3 parts of stomach

fundus, body, antrum

cardiac sphincter

allows food to pass from the esophagus to fundus

pyloric sphincter

regulates passage of chyme from antrum to small intestine

small intestine

longest part of gut tube extending from pyloric sphincter to colon; major site of digestion;

3 sections of small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

large intestine

any remaining fluid enters

4 regions of colon

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

salivary glands (3 parts)

produce saliva; parotid, sublingual, submandibular

liver

located in RUQ, processes absorbed nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, produces bile

gallbladder

lies under liver and stores bile

pancreas

endocrine gland that produces insulin and glucagons

carcin/o

cancer (cf)

cholangi/o

bile duct (cf)

cutane/o

skin (cf)

cyst/o

sac (cf)

mandibul/o

mandible (cf)

ven/o

vein (cf)

\-pexy

surgical fixation (s)

\-plegia

paralysis (s)

\-ptosis

drooping (s)

per-

within (p)

retro-

backward (p)

aphagia

being unable to swallow or eat

ascites

collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

cachexia

weight loss and generalized wasting that occurs during chronic disease

cholecystalgia

gallbladder pain

constipation

difficult or infrequent defecation

diarrhea

passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements

dyspepsia

indigestion

dysphagia

haing difficulty swallowing or eating

eructation

burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth

flatulence

presence of excess gas in the stomach or intestines

hematemesis

vomiting blood

hematochezia

passing bright red blood in the stool

jaundice

yellow cast caused by deposit of bile pigment

melena

passage of dark tarry stool due to digested blood

nausea

urge to vomit

obesity

having too much body fat