Missouri gov EOC

Amendment

A change in, or addition to, a constitution or law.

Free Exercise Clause

A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.

Establishment Clause

Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion.

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments of the Constitution.

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition; Freedom of Expression

2nd Amendment

A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the People to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

3rd Amendment

No quartering of Soldiers

4th Amendment

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

Reasonable suspicion

Evidence that justifies an officer in stopping and questioning an individual believed to be involved in criminal activity

Probable cause

(law) evidence sufficient to warrant an arrest or search and seizure

5th Amendment

Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination

6th Amendment

Amendment that guarantees a speedy and public trial and the right to counsel.

7th Amendment

Right to a trial by jury in civil cases

8th Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

10th Amendment

Asserts that powers not delegated to the national government or denied to the states are reserved to the states.

Due process

(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles

Eminent domain

Allows the govt to take property for public use but also requires the govt to provide just compensation for that property

Double jeopardy

Being tried twice for the same crime

13th Amendment

Abolished Slavery

14th Amendment

declared that all persons born in the US were citizenship, that all citizens were entilted to equal rights and their rights wer protected by due process

15th Amendment

All US male citizens have the right to vote., Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

21st Amendment

Amendment which ended the Prohibition of alcohol in the US, repealing the 18th amendment

22 Amendment

presidents could only serve 2 terms, ratified in 1951

24th Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections.

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18, 1971

Congress

Body in charge of lawmaking

Bicameral

2 chambers; Congress has the Senate and the House of Representatives

House of Representatives

435 Members, based on population of the state; 2 year term; 25 years old, 7 years citizen

Senate

100 now , 2 members per state, 30 years old, 9 years citizen, 6 year term

Speaker of the House

the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives;, Assigns bills to the appropriate House committee; is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant.

President Pro Tempore

Officer of the Senate selected by the majority party to act as chair in the absence of the vice president

Bill

a proposed law; piece of legislation

Ex post facto law

A law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was committed

Bill of attainder

A law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court; is forbidden by the Constitution

Filibuster

A lengthy speech designed to delay or kill the vote on a bill; used only in the Senate

Appropriation bills

bills that involve spending money; these must begin in the House of Representatives

Enumerated powers

Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war.

Implied powers

Powers derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause. These powers are not stated specifically but are considered to be reasonably implied through the exercise of delegated powers.

Cabinet

A group of department heads who serve as the president's chief advisors; example Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Attorney General

Independent Federal Agencies

Agencies that help enforce federal laws, they are not attached to any of the Cabinet department; examples IRS, EPA, SEC, CIA, NASA, Social Security, Peace Corps

Electoral College

the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice

Presidential Succession

the order in which officials fill the office of president in case of a vacancy, 1

Roles of the President

Chief of State

chief executive

executive power

chief administrator

head of the executive departments chief diplomat

chief legislator

main author of public policy

party chief

leader of the political party

chief citizen

representative of all the people; model citizen

Federal Court Order

Supreme Court

Appellate Court

District Court

Original Jurisdiction

the power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court

Judicial activism

a judicial philosophy in which supporters believe that judges should have a loose interpretation of the Constitution and play an active role in shaping public policy

Judicial restraint

a judicial philosophy that judges should consistently follow the letter of the law and apply precedent; strict interpretation

Appellate jurisdiction

the authority of a court to review decisions of lower courts

Marbury v Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

McCulloch v Maryland

Plessy v Ferguson

a Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Brown v Board of Education

1954

Miranda v Arizona

Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self

Judicial review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Full Faith and Credit

Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

Privileges and Immunities

A clause in Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states.

Extradition

The legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one state is returned to that state

Supremacy clause

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

Amendment

A change to the Constitution

Primary method of amending the Constitution

Proposal

Ratification

By 3/4 of State legislatures

Ratification

Formal approval; 9/13 were needed to ratify the US Constitution

Executive power

The power to execute, enforce, and administer law

Legislative power

the power to make a law and to frame public policies

Judicial power

the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within the society

Congress

Legislative Branch

Make/Pass laws

Legislative Branch

House of Representatives

Legislative Branch

Senate

Legislative Branch

Introduces a bill

Legislative Brach

Power to declare war

Legislative Branch

Power to coin money/print US dollars

Legislative Branch

Regulates commerce

Legislative Branch

Impeach elected officials

Legislative branch

Approves/confirms presidential appointments

Legislative brach

Enforces law

Executive Branch

Signs or veto laws

Executive Branch

Commander in Chief

Executive Branch

President

Executive Branch

Cabinet

Executive Branch

Independent agencies (CIA, NASA, EPA, IRS)

Executive Branch

Vice President

Executive Branch

Interprets law

Judicial Branch

Judicial Review

Judicial Branch

Sets precedent

rules for what actions are accepted under the Constitution

Supreme Court

Judicial Branch

Justices

Judicial Branch

District and Appeals Court

Judicial Branch

Hobbes

Enlightenment thinker who contributed to the U.S Constitution with the ideas of a social contract and natural rights; was a supported of an absolute monarch

Locke

Enlightenment thinker who contributed to the U.S Constitution with the ideas of inalienable rights of life, liberty and property; the government's power was limited to protecting those rights