Anatomy lab practical 1

Anatomy is the study of ____ of the body

Study of the structure of the body

Physiology is the study of the ___ of the body

function of the body

Superior/Cranial

above

Name the 2 body regions

Axial and appendicular divisions

Cephalic

Head

Sternal

breastbone

Axilary

Armpit

Mammary

Breast

Umbilical

Naval

Scapular

Shoulder blades

lumbar

lower back

sacral

poster regions between the hip bones

Pernial

Between the anus and external genitalia

Ingunial

Groin

Acromial

Point of shoulder

Brachial

arm (upper portion)

antecubital

anterior surface of the elbow

olecranal

back of elbow

ante brachial

forearm

tarsal

ankle

Define Body Plane

A surface along which parts of the body or a structure can be cut for anatomical study (or surgery)

Define sections

Cuts made along a body planSa

Saggital plane

divides body into right and left parts

Midsaggital (median) plan

divided into 2 equal parts down the middle

Parasagiital plane

divided unequally

What are the 2 body cavities?

Dorsal and Ventral

What does the dorsal body cavity contain?

Cranial cavity and Vertebral canal

What does the Ventral body cavity contain?

Thoracic cavity, digraph, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

What does the abdominalpelvic cavity contain?

Also abdominal and pelvic cavity

What does the thoracic cavity contain

Heart in the pericardial cavity, and lungs in the plural cavity

What does the abdominal pelvic cavity contain?

Abdominal - contains the stomach, intestines, liver and other organs,

Pelvic - reproductive organs bladder and rectum

WHERE IS THE MEDIASTINUM AND WHAT DOES IT CONTAIN?

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the lungs. It contains the heart, major blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland.

WHATS THE FUNCTION OF THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY?

The pericardial cavity is located within the mediastinum and surrounds the heart. It provides a protective space that allows the heart to function without friction against surrounding structures.

Function of the Serosa

he serosa is a membrane that provides a smooth surface to reduce friction between internal organs and the body wall.

Function of Parietal Serosa

The parietal serosa lines the body cavity and attaches to the surrounding structures.

Function of Visceral Serosa

The visceral serosa covers the organs within the cavities, providing cushioning and protection.

Function of Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs, providing support and reducing friction.

Function of Pericardium

The pericardium is the protective sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer, which helps reduce friction while the heart beats.

Function of Pleura

The pleura is a double-layered serous membrane surrounding the lungs, consisting of visceral pleura (covering the lungs) and parietal pleura (lining the chest wall), allowing smooth movement of the lungs during breathing.

Point and name to the abdominal pelvic quadrants

Right & Left upper quadrant and Lower

Name the abdominal pelvic regions and point

Right Hypochondriac Epigastric Region Left Hypochondriac

Right Lumbar Umbilical Region Left Lumbar

Right Iliac Hypogastric (Pubic) Region Left Iliac

What do these 9 body cavities house inside of them?

Right Hypochondriac —— Liver and Gallbladder

Epigastric Region —— Part of stomach

Left Hypochondriac —— Diaphragm, Spleen and Stomach

Right Lumbar —— Ascending color of large intestine

Umbilical Region —- Small intestine, Transverse colon of large intestine

Left Lumbar —-Descending colon of Large intestine

Right Iliac —— Cecum and Appendix

Hypogastric Region —- Urinary Bladder

Left Iliac —- Part of sigmoid colon and Urinary bladder

Integumentary System L + F

Skin, hair, nails, cutaneous organs and glands

Protects organs, aids body temperature, produces vitamin D, and excretes salt and urea

Skeletal System L + F

Bones, Cartilages, tendons ligaments and joints

Supports and protects internal organs, provides site for blood cell information, and where bones store minerals

Muscular System L + F

Most muscles attach to our skeleton

Primary function is to contract/relax and allow for force production and generation of heat

Nervous system L_+ F

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory and motor receptors

Detects change in internal and external environments and allows us to respond to these changes, helps maintain homeostasis of the body by using electrical signals

Endocrine System L + F

Pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, ovaries, testes and pancreas

Helps maintain homeostasis, promotes growth and development, produces hormones

Cardiovascular System L + F

Heart and blood vessels

Primary function is to transport blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, hormones and ions to and from the tissue cells

Lymphatic System L + F

Lymphatic Vessels, Nodes, spleen and thymus

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood, cleanses blood of pathogens, houses lymphocytes that activate immune response to protect the body from foreign substances

Respiratory System L + F

Nasal Cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Keeps our blood supplied with oxygen while removing carbon divided

Digestive System L + F

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines liver and pancreas

Breaks food down to smaller particles, which can be absorbed into blood, undigested residue is removed as feces

Urinary System L + F

Kidneys, ureteres, bladder and urethra

Rids body of nitrogen- containing wastes like urea, uric acid and ammonia. Maintains water, electrolyte and acid base balance of blood