Pancreas pathology

What is pancreatitis?

Inflammation of the pancreas

Normal measurements of the Pancreas are:

Head: ____ cm

Neck: ____ cm

Tail: _____ cm

3

2

2

Pancreatitis may be ______ or _______

Acute; chronic

Pancreatitis occurs when pancreas becomes _______ and _______ s a result of increased _______ and _______ of ducts

damaged; malfunctions; secretion; blockage

_________ occurs when pancreas becomes damaged and malfunctions as a result of increased secretion and blockage of ducts

Pancreatitis

Acute Pancreatitis is caused by inflamed ______ releasing pancreatic _______ into the surrounding pancreatic _______

Acini; enzymes; tissue

_____ pancreatitis does not last more than several days

Acute

A patient with _____ pancreatitis may be at risk for ______ and _______ secondary to the pancreatitis

acute; abscess; hemorrhage

The _____ common cause of _______ in the United states is ______ tract disease

Most; pancreatitis; biliary

_______ abuse is the _____ most common cause of pancreatitis

Alcohol; second

Gallstones are present in _____ to _____ of patients, and ____ of patients with gallstones have ______ pancreatitis.

40%;60%; 5%; acute

________ are present in 40% to 60% of patients, and 5% of patients with _______ have acute pancreatitis

Gallstones; gallstones

Less common causes of pancreatitis are:

Tra____

Inflammation from _______ peptic _____

______ infection

Pre______

Mu______

Tu______

Con_______ causes

Vas_______ thrombosis

Em______

Dr_______

Trauma

Inflammation from adjacent peptic ulcer

Abdominal infection

Pregnancy

Mumps

Tumors

Congenital causes

Vascular thrombosis

Embolism

Drugs

An _____ attack of pancreatitis is commonly related to _______ tract disease and ________

Acute; biliary; alcoholism

______ pancreatitis symptoms begin with ______ pain that occurs after a ______ meal or ______ binge

Acute; severe; large; alcohol

Serum _______ rises within 6 to 12 hours of the onset of _____ pancreatitis.

Amylase; acute

Serum amylase _____ within ____ to _____ hours of the onset of acute pancreatits

rises; 6;12

Serum _____ rises within 4 to 8 hours of the onset of symptoms for acute pancreatitis

lipase

Serum lipase _____ within ___ to ____ hours of the onset of symptoms for _____ pancreatitis

Rises; 4;8; acute

Acute pancreatitis may go on to develop other complications:

P______ formation

F____/pa_____/bl_____ vessel necrosis

Ab____

He______

Du______ obstruction

Pseudocyst formation

Fat/parenchymal/blood vessel necrosis

Abscess

Hemorrhage

Duodenal obstruction

_____ pancreatitis may go on to develop other complications:

Pseudocyst formation

Fat/parenchymal/blood vessel necrosis

Abscess

Hemorrhage

Duodenal obstruction

Acute

In the early stages of _____ pancreatitis, the sonographic appearance of the gland may _____ show _______ on sonography.

acute; NOT; swelling

When swelling does occur in acute pancreatitis, the sonographic appearance of the gland becomes ______ to _____ and is less _____ than the ______

hypoechoic; anechoic; echogenic; liver

When _____ does occur in _____ pancreatitis, the sonographic appearance of the gland becomes hypoechoic to anechoic and is less echogenic than the liver

Swelling; acute

_____ pancreatitis will have somewhat ______ but ________ borders, sonographically.

Acute; indistinct; smooth

Acute pancreatitis will have somewhat indistinct but smooth ______, sonographically

Borders

The pancreatic duct may be obstructed in acute pancreatitis due to ________, ______, ______, swelling of the ______, or _______ formation

inflammation, spasm, edema, papilla, pseudocyst

The ______ duct may be _______ in _____ pancreatitis due to inflammation, spasm, edema, swelling of the papilla, or pseudocyst formation

Pancreatic; obstructed; acute

____-_______ fluid collection with ______ pancreatic enzymes is ______ suggestive of _____ pancreatitis

Peri-pancreatic; abnormal; acute