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Personality
Enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, behaviors.
Nomothetic Perspective
Focuses on general laws of personality.
Idiographic Perspective
Focuses on individual uniqueness in personality.
Trait Approach
Personality defined by stable characteristics.
Biological Approach
Personality influenced by genetic factors.
Psychodynamic Approach
Emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts.
Phenomenological Approach
Focuses on subjective experience and self-actualization.
Learning Approach
Personality shaped by environmental interactions.
Self-Report Data
Information provided by individuals about themselves.
Informant-Report Data
Information provided by others about an individual.
Life Outcome Data
Objective outcomes reflecting personality traits.
Behavioral Data
Direct observation of behavior in various contexts.
Objective Tests
Standardized assessments with clear scoring criteria.
Projective Tests
Ambiguous stimuli used to reveal personality.
Face Validity
Extent to which a test appears effective.
Factor Analysis
Statistical method to identify underlying variables.
Empirical Construction
Test development based on observed data.
Psychometrics
Field studying measurement of psychological attributes.
Reliability
Consistency of measurement across time and contexts.
Validity
Accuracy of a test in measuring what it claims.
Generalizability
Applicability of findings to broader populations.
Effect Size
Magnitude of a relationship in research findings.
Realistic Accuracy Model
Framework explaining accuracy in personality judgments.
Big Five Model
Dominant model categorizing personality into five traits.
