Intro to Biology: Genetics and Cell Division

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to Genetics and Cell Division, key topics in the Intro Biology course.

Genetics

The study of genes and their inheritance.

DNA

The molecule that carries genetic information.

Chromosome

A structure composed of DNA and protein that carries genetic information.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

The process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes.

Haploid

A cell containing one complete set of chromosomes.

Diploid

A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene that can produce variations in a trait.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual.

Punnett Square

A chart used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross by showing possible allele combinations.

Dominant Allele

An allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present.

Recessive Allele

An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present.

Epistasis

Interaction between genes where one gene masks or modifies the expression of another gene.

Polygenic Inheritance

Inheritance of traits that are influenced by multiple genes.

Gene Regulation

The mechanisms that govern the expression of genes.

Operon

A cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter and operator.

Transcription Factors

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes.

Artificial Selection

The process by which humans breed certain traits over others.

Natural Selection

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

SRY GENE

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