APUSH American Pageant Chapter 5 AMSCO Unit 2

colonial growth

the colonist population doubled every 25 years with 90% of said population living in rural areas; the colonies (most populous from least to greatest) were Virginia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Maryland; in 1700, there were 20 English to every 1 colonist but by 1775 the balance of power shifted as there were 3 English to every 1 colonist

Scots-Irish

not Irish but Scots Lowlanders who disliked the English government due to woolen and linen restrictions, so they pushed west to find better land; on their way, they built flimsy cabins as they quickly exhausted the soil

Paxton Boys

an example of backwoods colonists showing their displeasure; the armed march on Philadelphia in 1764 against leniency towards the natives; another example includes the Regulator movement in North Carolina, a small but nasty insurrection against eastern domination that bred future American revolutionaries

German/Pennsylvanian Dutch

born from the German word for German (Deutsch), the Pennsylvania Dutch fled to America due to religious persecution, economic oppression, and war; they made up a third of Pennsylvania

middle colonies

mostly a large variety of white immigrants (the most ethnically diverse); merchant princes (the top 10%) dominated society

New England colonies

mostly Puritan (they had the least ethnic diversity); merchant princes (the top 10%) dominated society

Southern colonies

mostly blacks and whites; great planters with many slaves dominated society

enslaved resistance

with Africans making up the largest non-English ethnic group by 1775 (19%), they resisted through the New York Slave Revolt (where 9 whites died and 21 blacks were executed), the South Carolina Slave Revolt (where 50+ black marched along the Stono River towards freedom in Spanish America), and though their idea of Christianity and heaven that would reunite them with their ancestors

American economy before the Revolution

it was a shining land of equality and opportunity, excluding slavery where many colonists could build their wealth due to the openness of the social ladder

triangular trade

where rum from New England was traded for slaves on the Gold Coast by African chiefs who were then traded for molasses from the West Indies

naval stores

stores that earned generous bounties due to their selling of products used to make ships, such as tar, pitch, rosin, and turpentine as it assisted in the British mastery of the seas

American merchants resent the British

due to how "far-off" and bent on destroying their livelihood they were

Molasses Act (1733)

it prevented colonial trade with the French West Indies, portraying the AP theme of America in the World and conveying how the colonies would revolt instead of submit (ex. smuggling and bribing); helped the British strengthen their Mercantile policies

effective transportation

it was long and undependable with man-made roads and God-made waterways

established church

the Congregational Church (New England) and the Anglican Church (the South/Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and New York) -- the middle colonies each did their own thing

taverns

they were a cradle of democracy flourishing with gossip that crystallized public opinion

religion changes

less people were religious as each generation grew farther from the church, making the church more lenient

Jonathan Edwards

the Pastor who led the Great Awakening

Great Awakening

the first American mass movement that focused on salvation from good works and dependence on God's grace; caused new missionary work and new universities

George Whitefield

a Great Awakening missionary/new light who led revival meetings (a new style of preaching where he spread the message of human helplessness) that was more personal and moved many people, including Ben Franklin

"old" lights/"new" lights

the "old" lights were Orthodox clergymen while the "new" lights defended the Great Awakening and undermined the old clergy

Princeton

a new light center of higher learning

William & Mary

founded to teach a better, new class of clergymen

colonial legislatures control of their governors in the 1600s

they withheld governor salaries until they yielded to colonial ideals