GACE ESOL 619: Professional Aspects

Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado (1969)

A landmark court case that addressed de facto segregation and unequal treatment of minority students in Denver schools.

Lau v. Nichols (1974)

A Supreme Court decision ruling that failure to provide English language instruction to non-English-speaking students violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 (EEOA)

Federal legislation requiring schools to take action to overcome language barriers for equitable educational access.

Castaneda v. Pickard (1981)

Court ruling establishing a three-pronged test to evaluate the adequacy of programs for ELLs.

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) (2001)

Federal law emphasizing accountability in education; requires schools to show measurable progress for all student groups, including ELLs.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) (1965)

Foundational federal law aimed at closing achievement gaps for disadvantaged students, including ELLs.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

The 2015 reauthorization of ESEA, providing flexibility in measuring student progress and accountability, including for ELLs.

Home Language Survey

Tool used by schools to identify students needing language support services.

Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives (AMAOs)

Benchmarks under NCLB to measure ELLs' progress in learning English and meeting academic standards.

Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)

A metric under NCLB to assess schools' effectiveness in achieving academic goals, including for ELLs.

Migrant Education Program (MEP)

Federal program supporting educational needs of migrant workers' children, including language instruction.

English Language Proficiency (ELP) Exams

Standardized assessments measuring ELLs’ progress in learning English across different domains.

Co-Teaching

Instructional strategy where two teachers collaborate to deliver lessons supporting all students, including ELLs.

Parallel Teaching

Co-teaching model where teachers split the class and deliver the same content simultaneously.

Station Teaching

Co-teaching approach where students rotate through stations to engage with different aspects of a lesson.

Lead and Support

Co-teaching model where one teacher leads while the other provides targeted support.

Team Teaching

Co-teaching method where both teachers share equal responsibility for instruction.

ESL Paraprofessional

Trained assistant who provides additional support to ELLs under certified teachers' supervision.

Project-Based Learning

Instructional method where students explore real-world problems, fostering critical thinking and language development.

School-Based Enterprise

Hands-on learning program where students operate a business within the school.

Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL)

Nonprofit organization promoting language learning and cultural understanding through research.

Dave’s ESL Café

Online resource for ESL teachers and students, offering lesson ideas and job postings.

National Association for Bilingual Education (NABE)

Professional organization advocating for bilingual education and opportunities for ELLs.

Office of English Language Education (OELA)

Division of the U.S. Department of Education enhancing ELL education through resources and leadership.

TESL-EJ

Online journal focused on research and practice in Teaching English as a Second Language.

TESL Journal

Publication offering practical insights into teaching English as a Second Language.

TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages)

International organization supporting professionals who teach English to non-native speakers.