Criminology Final Study Guide

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/70

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

71 Terms

1
New cards
deviant behavior
activities that violate social norms
2
New cards
theory
a hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
3
New cards
general theories of crime
people with similar behavior and physical characteristics; highlights people with low self-esteem are more likely to commit crimes
4
New cards
sociological perspective
crime is shaped by factors external to the individual (everyday environment)
5
New cards
unreported crime
what is the dark figure of crime?
6
New cards
no
is all deviant behavior illegal?
7
New cards
status offenses
noncriminal acts considered a law violation but is considered “illegal” because a minor committed the crime (ex. truancy)
8
New cards
classical school
what is the first modern approach to criminology?
9
New cards
prevent recidivism (a.k.a. deterrence)
what was Cesare Beccarria's punishment designed to do?
10
New cards
justice model
(offender deserve punishment)
11
New cards
rational choice theory
a factor: individual choice
12
New cards
specific deterrence
prevents offender from recidivism
13
New cards
over emphasis on \________
what is the criticism of rational choice theory?
14
New cards
true
according to classical criminology, "humans are rational" (T/F)
15
New cards
selective human breeding
what was developed during the eugenics movement?
16
New cards
true
contemporary biosocial theorists see interaction of person with their environment a determining factor for criminality (T/F)
17
New cards
false
biological theory emphasizes the tole of "free will" (T/F)
18
New cards
antisocial behaviors
what is low resting heart rate linked to?
19
New cards
more crime
vitamin deficiencies are linked to \________
20
New cards
ID
pleasure principle
21
New cards
more likely to commit crimes
a poorly developed super ego leads to someone being \________
22
New cards
conflict theory
struggle between classes
23
New cards
social process theory
views criminality as a function of people’s interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society
24
New cards
social disorganization theory
a person’s residential location is more significant than the person’s characteristics when predicting criminal activity
25
New cards
broken windows theory
reducing physical deterioration
26
New cards
Merton's strain theory
resort to illegitimate means to obtain middle-class goals
27
New cards
social process theories
learned in interactions
28
New cards
learning theory
product of social environment
29
New cards
social bond theory
offending behavior is caused by weakened or broken social bonds with law-abiding people/institutions
30
New cards
self control
what is the key concept of the general theory of crime
31
New cards
reactions of society
what is the major element of labeling theory?
32
New cards
social class
different “levels” of earned income and socioeconomic statuses in society
33
New cards
proletarians
who are the exploited working class according to Marx?
34
New cards
peace making criminology
based on the premise that violence creates violence, so peaceful solutions will reduce crime
35
New cards
naïve and utopian
what are the criticisms of peace making criminology?
36
New cards
false
restorative justice movement: crime is an offense against the gov. (T/F)
37
New cards
people with low economic status
who are at a higher risk of violent victimization?
38
New cards
medical care
what is a tangible cost of crime?
39
New cards
true
victimization isn't equally distributed (T/F)
40
New cards
true
early victimologists focused on responsibilities of victims (T/F)
41
New cards
1st
premeditative murder is what degree?
42
New cards
strangers
male serial killers are more likely to attack \__________
43
New cards
assault
what is the most common workplace violence?
44
New cards
racial
what is the most common hate crime?
45
New cards
true
victims and offenders (especially in homicides) share similar characteristics (T/F)
46
New cards
short-term
what type of employee steal cash and merchandise?
47
New cards
fun
what is the main purpose of joyriding?
48
New cards
fence
receives stolen property to resell it for a profit
49
New cards
during the day
when are residential crimes most common?
50
New cards
true
employee more serious than shoplifting (T/F)
51
New cards
retail businesses (not wholesale)
who are burglars more likely to target?
52
New cards
nature of the crime
white-collar crime definitions focus on \________
53
New cards
securities and commodities fraud
stock market manipulation, ponzi schemes, and hedge funds
54
New cards
money laundering
financial transactions where criminals try to disguise the origins on funds so they don’t have to pay as much (or any) taxes on them
55
New cards
true
occupational crimes can be committed by either white or blue-collar workers
56
New cards
false
a corporation cannot be held accountable for acts of employees (T/F)
57
New cards
false
terrorists don't commit white-collar crimes
58
New cards
true
"lone sharks" will lend you money
59
New cards
opium
a highly used drug in the 1900s
60
New cards
marijuana
what is the most common illicit drug?
61
New cards
schedule 1 drugs
drugs with high potential of abuse with no medical use
62
New cards
synthetic drugs
drugs produced by the changing of their chemical makeups
63
New cards
decriminalization
reduces the criminal penalties
64
New cards
legalization
eliminated laws
65
New cards
internet
what is a powerful tool for recruiting girls for prostitution?
66
New cards
true
most drug offenses are recreational crimes (T/F)
67
New cards
true
opioid abuse is a public health emergency (T/F)
68
New cards
phishing
sending fraudulent emails under the name of reputable companies to induce individuals to give away personal information
69
New cards
computer viruses
what does malware involve?
70
New cards
computer crime
any violations of criminal law that involve a knowledge of computer technology for their perpetration, investigation, or prosecution
71
New cards
false
creation of destructive computer viruses is for financial gain (T/F)