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State Formation c
The period saw the emergence of new Islamic political entities dominated by Turkic peoples, demonstrating continuity, innovation, and diversity.
Song Dynasty of China
Utilized Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule, showcasing continuity and innovation.
Neo-Confucianism
A revival of Confucianism during the Song period, incorporating Buddhist and Daoist ideas, emphasizing hierarchy, filial piety, and imperial bureaucracy.
Imperial Bureaucracy
Governmental entities carrying out the emperor's will, staffed by qualified officials through Civil Service Exams, enhancing efficiency and competency.
Tang and Song Economy
Commercialization, iron and steel production, agricultural innovations like Champa Rice, and transportation advancements like canals and the magnetic compass.
Abbasid Caliphate
Fragmented, leading to the rise of new Islamic states dominated by Turkic peoples, showcasing continuity and diversity in state systems.
Sufism
A spiritual version of Islam that allowed for more widespread practice, influencing the spread of Islam through missionary activities.
Srivijaya Empire
A sea-based state in Southeast Asia heavily influenced by Hinduism, prospering through trade in the Strait of Malacca.
Mayan Civilization
Decentralized city-states with sophisticated writing systems, urban centers, and a network of tributary states, emphasizing human sacrifice.
Feudalism
Social, political, and economic order in Europe organized around allegiance between lords, monarchs, and knights, leading to political decentralization and competition for power.
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