Industrial Revolution Unit Test 9th Grade

Putting out system

production method; merchants gave raw materials to workers who made goods in their home

Turnpikes

Toll roads owned by private companies

Henry Bessemer

invented bessemer process for making steel (2nd industrial revolution) SKY SCRAPERS + revolutionized railroad

Dynamo

machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

Corporation

Business organization that is legally recognized as a separate entity from its owner allowing it to own property, enter contracts, and issue stock

Louis pasteur

Pasteurization: process of heating food or liquid to specific temp to kill harmful germs

Florence Nightingale

British nurse + social reformer, known as founder of modern nursing

Urban Renewal

process of redeveloping + improving deteriorating city areas, rebuilding infrastructure

cult of domesticity

idealized women’s role as home makers and moral guardians of families

Temperance Movement

Social camping that advocated for reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption

Sojourner Truth

African American abolitionist + women’s right activist, fought for freedom, equality, and justice

Social gospel

religious movement that emphasized applying christian ethics to social problems like poverty and inequality

Ultitarianism

Philosophy, a actions should be judge based on where they produce the greatest good for the greatest number

Socialism

Government owns + controls production and distribution of goods to ensure quality and meet peoples needs, SETS WAGES AND PRICES & OWNS MAJOR INDUSTRIES, LIMITED CLASS DISTINCTION (ultarianism)

Karl Marx

Co-developed marxism: classes society (communism) and abolition of private ownership over the means of production

communism

Government owns all property and means of production and gives people there Bare minimum (classes society) (marxism)

Proletariat

Working class

burgeoisie

Middle class (factory owners, merchants, professionals)

Adam Smith

Laissez faire economics

John Kay

invented the flying shuttle, step toward automatic weaving (TEXTILE INDUSTRY)

James Heagreaves

Invented the spinning Jenny, multiple spinning machines 1 could spin many threads at a time

Richard Arkwright

Invented water frame that was powered by the waterwheel, 1st fully automatic +continuously operating spinning machine

Robert Fulton

Invented the steam boat

Richard Trevithick

Invented worlds 1st steam railway