Anthropology 101 - Exam 1 Stuckey pt 2

A set of flashcards to help review key terms and concepts from Anthropology 101.

Emergence of Anthropology

Field grew alongside empire and global contact, trying to explain human difference.

Primatology

Study of primates to understand human evolution and behavior.

Homology

Similarity because of shared ancestry.

Terrestrial

Living mostly on the ground.

Arboreal

Living mostly in trees.

Nocturnal

Active at night.

Diurnal

Active during the day.

Primate taxonomy

Scientific classification system for grouping primates.

Strepsirrhini

Lemurs and lorises with stronger reliance on smell.

Haplorrhini

Tarsiers, monkeys, apes, humans with greater vision focus.

New World monkeys

Monkeys from the Americas, many with grasping tails.

Prehensile tail

Tail used like a hand to grip.

Old World monkeys

African and Asian monkeys without grasping tails.

Sexual dimorphism

Noticeable size or appearance differences between sexes.

Ape diet

Primarily fruit plus plants and occasional meat.

Shared ape physical and behavioral traits

Large brains, social living, long juvenile period.

Brachiation

Swinging arm to arm through trees.

Knuckle walking

Moving on ground using knuckles.

Common chimpanzees vs bonobos

Chimps more violent and territorial, bonobos more cooperative.

Coalitionary hunting

Group teamwork to capture prey.

Border patrols

Monitoring and defending territory edges.

Sarah Hrdy

Argues cooperative child rearing shaped human evolution.

Alloparents

Non parents who help raise offspring.

Human uniqueness

High cooperation, teaching, and shared caregiving.

Anthropology and colonialism

Early research often supported imperial control.

Eugenics

Discredited belief in improving populations by selective breeding.

DeLeon Introduction

Documents suffering produced by border policy.

Holmes Introduction

Links migrant pain to economic systems.

Veiling and the war on terror

Shows how ethnocentrism shapes political judgment.

Conklin compassionate cannibalism

Mortuary practice expressing love, not savagery.

Conventionality

Meaning exists because users agree on it.

Linguistic change

Speech patterns constantly shift over time.

Language ideology

Beliefs about language tied to authority and identity.

Baker Bell Linguistic Justice

Argues schools criminalize Black language.

Anti Black linguistic racism

Devaluing speech linked to Black identity.

Linguistic double consciousness

Monitoring how you sound to dominant listeners.

Internalized anti Black linguistic racism

Accepting negative views about your own dialect.

Linguistic justice

Respecting and protecting marginalized language.

Hominoids

Group that includes apes and humans.

Affiliation

Friendly social bonding behaviors.

Dispersal

Leaving one group to join another.

Cooperation

Working together toward shared goals.

Conflict

Competition or aggression within or between groups.