Ch.13 Urban Patterns

Know the activities in particular nodes for the multiple nuclei model

Ports, neighborhood business center, a university, an airport, and a park.

Know the Concentric zone model and what each deals with

Consider two families with the same income and ethnic background could live in different rings.

Know the Sector model and what it deals with

People with higher incomes are less likely to be near eachother because of the difference in income.

Know the Multiple Nuclei Model

People with the same ethnicity are more likely to live near each other.

Likeliness to annex lands around city and why

It is less likely that this land will be annexed because the residents of that city prefer to organize their own services rather than pay city taxes for them.

Know everything about megalopolis

Megapolis is a Greek word that means “great city”. Northeastern U.S. form one continuous urban complex, extending from north of Boston to South of Washington D.C.. Within a Megalopolis, central cities such as Baltimore, New York, and Philadelphia retain distinct identities, and the urban areas are visibly separated from each other by parks, military bases, and farms, But at the periphery of the urban areas, the boundaries overlap.

Know the peripheral model and what ties it together

The peripheral model is an urban area that consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and service nodes or nuclei tied together by a beltway or ring road. 

Know the percent of homeless people, children and other demographics

Several million people are homeless in the U.S. 

Know the supply of public housing and number of units needed

The supply of public housing and other government-subsidized housing in the United States has diminished by approximately 1 million units between 1980 and 2010. But during the same period, the number of households that needed low-rent dwellings increased by more than 2 million.

Know what were the reasons for the rise of suburban development

New automobiles & highways as well as government policy, Federal Highway Program, GI Bill with Loan guarantees for housing and prefab construction methods, Demand for more space.

Know what new urbanism is designed to create

Mixed-use development, pedestrian family design,and the incorporation of porches and alleys

Know why some communities are gated

Since wealthy people live there they must be protected, safe, secure, and have the ability to have their privacy. 

Know the term(s) that describes the spread of cities with the use of freeways

urban sprawl. 

Know what McMansions are and where they’re found

large homes, often built to the outer limits of the lot. They are called McMansions

because of their super size and their similar look. Found all around the U.S.  suburban areas.

Know what type of people would live in gentrified/new urbanism areas

 Double-income households without children

Know what type of areas have been created due to blockbusting

Blockbusting changes the ethnic composition of a neighborhood, this is due to racism. So the majority of certain ethnicities would live in the ghetto, poor households, etc.

Know what shantytowns are and where they are found in the world

unplanned developments of crude dwellings made out of scrap materials. Found in rapidly growing cities in poor states.

Know the focal point of the SE Asian city

The focal point is the old colonial port zone.

Know the African city model and the uniqueness of it

African cities often have 3 CBDs = Colonial, Traditional, and Periodic Market Zone. 

Know what you’d find in the periphery and the spine in the Latin American city X2

Periphery/Periferico -high density shanty towns of extreme poverty and no services (favelas) 

The spine is an extension of the CBD with offices, shops, high class housing, restaurants, theaters, & parks

How are Brasilia, Canberra, and Washington D.C. similar

to show off new wealth or power

Where would you find an edge city and know characteristics

It has a large amount of recently developed retail and office space.

What cities have underground CBD’s and why

Cities like Minneapolis, Montréal, and Toronto have underground CBDs because of the harsh cold weather during the winter.

Know the three kinds of consumer services in the CBD

1. Retailers with high thresholds, 

2. retailers with high range, 

3. those that served people working in the CBD.

Know the idea of what is losing the dominant position in the multiple nuclei model

no longer being a CBD

Know what has happened in the zone of transition in the concentric zone model

if the CBD continues to grow the zone of transition gets smaller

Know the characteristics of a primate city

Primate City - The largest and most influential city in a state.  

Know what a hinterland is and does for the city

Hinterland: the surrounding service area of a city that includes smaller villages and hamlets

City: more functional specialization - larger hinterland, greater centrality, well defined CBD and suburbs. (Advanced specialized hospital)

Know what a world city is and know examples

A world city, also known as a global city or a meta city, is an urban center that is a major player in the global economy and is connected to a network of other global cities through economic, cultural, and political linkages. Think international company headquarters, global financial functions, and polarized social structures…

Understand Christaller’s Central Place Theory and know the threshold and range

grocery store

Know what parts of the world have the smallest percent of people living in urban areas X2

Southeast Asia, semi periphery regions

Know what a world city is and know examples

A world city, also known as a global city or a meta city, is an urban center that is a major player in the global economy and is connected to a network of other global cities through economic, cultural, and political linkages. Think international company headquarters, global financial functions, and polarized social structures…

Know what site and situation deals with

Site deals with the absolute location of a place (ex: latitude and longitude) and Situation deals with the relative location of a place (stating the location’s characteristics).

Know the rank-size rule and compute examples

Model indicates that the population of a city or town is inversely proportional (the fraction) to its rank in the hierarchy. 

Ex - 12 mil-6 mil-4 mil-3 mil

Know what an ethnic neighborhood is comprised of

people of the same ethnicity

Know what was essential for the first cities to exist

separation of the ruling system and the religious system

Know the differences of the urban structure of the non-American cities and compare to European cities

European cities tend to emphasize historical preservation, while North American cities are characterized by sprawl and car dependency. 

Know the difference between a boomburg and exurb

A boomburg is a rapidly growing suburb that has developed on its own unique identity.

An exurb is a settlement that exists outside of a suburban area, but remains connected to a metro area.