apush review imperialism and ww1

manifest destiny 3 reasons

• mining- gold rush in 1850

• ranching- texas and OK there are cattle drives on RR’s where they go to slaughterhouses

• farming- great plains. soil/environment is not good but it’s cheap (homestead act)

boomtowns and ghosttowns cycle

boom: ppl come to mine

ghost: everyone leaves when its been mined

1860-1900 the govt encouraged people to move west by:

• liberal immigration laws

• free transportation to settlers (RR)

• granting tracts of land to RR companies to encourage construction

Indian policy 1860-1900

• reservations

• assimilation vs. ghost dance

• plains wars (little big horn and wounded knee)

wounded knee massacre/ ghost dance

sioux doing ghost dance and the govt on reservation tell the sioux to stop, leading to a battle where sitting bull is killed

LAST battle between the two groups

how they assimilate natives (2)

• indian schools (carlisle)

• dawes act- gives them land but tells them that they have to divide it up into individual ownership

1st and 2nd wave of immigration in late 1800s

1. german, irish, english

2. eastern and central europe- jews, italians, scandinavians,polish

1st act of congress to limit immigration

chinese exclusion act (1882)

nativism

continuity of americans being against new groups of people

immigration quotas during red scare of 1920s

• emergency quota act

• national origins act

(restrict the percentage of people from certain countries who can immigrate. targets areas that they think will bring communism like poland)

new inventions in 2nd industrial revolution

• move toward burning coal to power machines

• railroads

• telegraph then telephone

• electricity

captains of idustry/robber barons

carnegie, vanderbilt, rockefeller

a new class of people- those whose power came because their businesses got rich

hardworking, but also corrupt

social darwinism

survival of fittest for humans in late 1800s-early 1900s

used to justify injustice and inaction

monopolies

ex. john d rockefeller and standard oil. controlled 95% of oil in america

Gilded age and years

(1865-1900) lots of innovation and wealth but this was mostly at the expense of the lower class. there was a huge gap between lower and upper class

political machines

local governments that didn’t exist to help the people, but for their own interest. Only helped neighborhoods who voted for them. (ex. tammany hall and boss tweed in NYC)

intersection of political machines and immigrants

immigrants often supported them because everyone ignored them and they needed things done for them. If they supported political machines they would get help

spoils system

giving govt jobs to your friends

social gospel/gospel of wealth

carnegie was wealthy but also believed in philanthropy to give back

attempts to fix gilded age problems

• interstate commerce act- said railroads couldn’t overcharge

• sherman antitrust act

• interstate commerce act

regulated railroads so they didn’t overcharge but the people running them were corrupt

Knights of Labor vs. American federation of labor

KOL- union for ALL laborers

AFL- union for skilled workers

labor strikes

• RR strike of 1877 (halted over half of traffic on railroads. feds sent troops and over 100 were killed)

• haymarket square (knights of labor protest for 8 hour workday when a bomb went off)

• pullman strike (basically same as 1877 but specifically with pullman and leader eugene v debs was arrested)

get broken up often because management says it’s not legal. union members get shot

populism

famers struggling bc of rr rates

1. national grange (union for famers) which rich ppl teamed up and made illegal

2. started their own party- People’s party

election of 1892 and peoples’ party

populism- thought the only way to make change was through elections. wanted govt to take over railroads, minimum wage

put someone to run for president and lost

william jennings bryan

populist who ran for pres in 1896. cross of gold speech where he argued for inflation so that crop prices would raise. lost to mckinley

end of populism

didn’t really catch on but some ideas stayed in progressive mvmt

reasons for imperialism

1. social darwinism

2. new frontier

3. competition with imperial powers

4. economy and resources

spanish american war

imperialism war fought in cuba and phillippines under TR

cuba summary

cubans want to be independent from spain

us gets involved bc…

1. sympathy for cuba

2. yellow journalism

3. cuba has sugar and resources

rough riders

TR’s military group that wins at san juan hill

what the phillippines became

a united states territory

what cuba becomes

an independent territory with lots of rules by US like don’t trade with anyone else

justification of imperialism

• influence of sea power upon history

justification against imperialism

• that’s not who we are, we started off against an imperialist power

• goes against declaration of ind

famous progressives

muckrakers- ida tarbell (standard oil truth), lincoln steffans (corrupt city govt), jacob riis (how the other half lives), ida b. wells (lynchings)

presidents- TR, taft,wilson

progressive era (1900-1920)

mostly a white middle class movement. big business has too much power and its at the expense of the people. trying to fix gilded age problems

TR’s square deal

busts trusts

stops breaking up strikes

arbitration- talking it out when strikes happen

cleans up the problems from The Jungle (meat inspection/fair food and drug)

initiative

allows people to propose a law on state level

referendum

allows you to vote on proposals

recall

take people out of office

social gospel examples of things that happened

hull house jane adams, ymca

clayton anti trust act

revamps the sherman AT act and improves it

16th amendment

income tax

17th amendment

allows the people to directly elect your senators

18th amendment

prohibition

19th amendment

womens’ sufferage

conservation vs. preservation

P- land untouched by govt

C- knew business needs to use nature, but we need rules to protect it

pre TR imperialism/foreign policy

• hawaii- queen liliuokalani

• open door policy in china eliminates spheres of influence of trade

boxer rebellion

group in china that push back against america’s influence

foreign policy under TR

• big stick diplomacy

• panama canal

• roosevelt corollary

relations with japan in 1890s

japan doesn’t like that we have a large navy presence- sends great white fleet (navy) on a world tour

post TR foreign policy

dollar diplomacy (taft)

moral diplomacy (wilson) - spreading democracy

wilson’s perspective on WW1

not an imperialist- doesn’t wanna get involved and keeps us out

allies WW1

GB, france, USA, russia (originally)

central powers WW1

germany, austria-hungary, ottoman empire

lusitania and zimmerma tele.

Lusitania sinks and we still stay out of the war

zimm- german telegram telling mexico to attack us with U Boats- gets us involved

us mobilization to start ww1

selective service act

changes on the homefront ww1

• conserve resources (energy, food) liberty gardens and daylight savings

• great migration- AA’s move to north to move in factories for the war

• women work in factories

• national security vs. freedom (espionage and sedition acts to say govt can suppress freedom of speech during war bc there’s danger)

wilson’s idealism

14 points plan- things we can do to never have a war again

league of nations

ww1 treaty of versailles

• punishes germany a LOT

• makes league of nations but US senate refuses to ratify it

things that happened at the end of ww1

• spanish flu

• lost generation

• casualties

women in the 1920s

WOMEN: can vote, have worked for some money (ex. flappers) 19th amendment

tried to get the Equal Rights Act to end discrimination but it failed

social change in 20’s

• women

• prohibition (smugglers, moonshine)

• jazz age and entertainment (parties)

• fundamentalism

fundamentalism

pushback to the party culture of the 20’s. belief that america is on the track to hell- go back to religious fundametals

ex. scopes trial- evolution is banned from being taught and someone taught it

political change in 1920s

• bolshevik revolution in russia> red scare

first red scare in 1920s

• palmer raids

• sacco and vanzetti

• immigrant quotas