2.1 Molecules to metabolism

Metabolism

The web of all enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occurs within a particular cell or organism

Anabolism

* The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones
* involves condensation reactions (H2O produced)

Catabolism

* The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
* Involves hydrolysis reactions (H2O consumed)

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Functional groups

* An atom or a group of atoms with characteristic chemical + physical properties
* Reactive part of a molecule/undergoes a chemical change

What properties of a molecules does a functional group determine?

* chemical reactivity
* physical properties
* types + strength of IMFs
* Bonding + shape
* Nomenclature

List the different functional groups

* Hydroxyl -OH
* Methyl -CH3
* Carbonyl -CHO
* Carbonyl -CO
* Carboxyl -COOH
* Amino -NH2
* Phosphate -OPO3
* Sulfhydryl -SH

Functional groups found in sugars

* Carbonyl -CHO
* Carbonyl -CO

4 main classes of carbon compounds (macromolecules) used by living organisms?

* Hydroxyl -OH
* Methyl -CH3
* Carbonyl -CO
* Carboxyl -COOH
* Amino -NH2

common organic molecules

* amino acids
* glycerol
* glucose
* ribose
* fatty acids

exception of common organic molecules

* oxides of carbon: CO, CO2
* carbonates: CO3, CaCO3, Na2CO3
* hydrogen carbonates: HCO3, Na2HCO3