Cardiovascular Adaptations and Responses

A series of flashcards covering key concepts related to cardiovascular adaptations, responses, and training.

VO2 max

The greatest amount of oxygen that the body can take in, transport, and utilize during heavy exercise.

Blood Pressure Recovery

BP progressively declines during active recovery due to mass vasodilation and may lead to abrupt drop during passive recovery.

Children's VO2 max

Children have lower stroke volume, which limits cardiac output but have higher relative VO2 max compared to adults.

Older Adults and VO2 max

Older adults typically have a decreased VO2 max, reflecting increased blood pressure and total peripheral resistance.

Dynamic Resistance Exercise

Exercise involving muscle contractions that vary in intensity and load, inducing cardiovascular adaptations.

Blood Doping

The misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase red blood cell mass, improving oxygen transport and stamina.

Eccentric Hypertrophy

Cardiac adaptation characterized by an increase in the volume of the left/right ventricular cavity due to prolonged volume overload.

Cardiac Output

The amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, influenced by stroke volume and heart rate.

Detraining Effects

The reversal of cardiac adaptations following cessation of training, occurring within 12 days.

Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference (a-vO2 diff)

The difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood, indicating the amount of oxygen used by tissues.

Maximal Cardiac Output in Athletes

Endurance athletes achieve higher maximal cardiac output primarily by increasing stroke volume.

Resistance Training and Blood Pressure

Heavy resistance training can lead to significant increases in blood pressure, especially in those with existing conditions.