iGCSE Chemistry Edexcel solubility rules, Acid base reactions

All of their common salts are soluble

Sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds

All of these are soluble

nitrates

Soluble except for silver and lead (II)

common chlorides

soluble except for those of barium, calcium and lead(II)

common sulfates

insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

common carbonates

insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium salt is slightly soluble).

common hydroxides

sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

Nitric Acid

HNO₃

hydrochloric acid

HCl

Acid + Metal

salt + hydrogen

Acid + metal oxide/hydroxide

salt + water

Acid + metal carbonate

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Acid + ammonia

ammonium salt

Ammonia

NH₃

A soluble base

Alkali

Method to get soluble salt from solution

crystallisation

Method to get insoluble salt from solution

filtration

two solutions react to form an insoluble solid

precipitation reaction

Methyl orange in acid

red

Methyl orange in alkali

yellow

Phenolphthalein in acid

Colourless

phenolphthalein in base

pink

Litmus in acid and alkali

red and blue

Method to find the unknown concentration of acid or alkali

titration

A substance that change colour in acid or alkali

indicator

acid in solution are a source of

Hydrogen ions

alkali in solution are a source of

hydroxide ions

acids are

proton donors

bases are

proton acceptors

burette

burette

pipette

pipette

pipette filler

conical flask