Business vocabulary in use 13-24

Engels examen

Manufacturing industry

an industry that produces goods rather than services, or these industries considered as a group

Manufacturing sector

Agglomeration of industries engaged in chemical, mechanical, or physical transformation of materials, substances, or components into consumer or industrial goods

Aerospace

Planes and space vehicles

automobiles (AmE)

Cars

Computer hardware

Computers, printers, etc.

Construction

Buildings

Defence or defense (AmE)

Weapons

Electronics

Mobile phones, etc.

Food processing

Canned, frozen, etc. foods

Household goods

Washing machines, refrigerators, etc.

Pharmaceuticals

Medicines

Steel

A strong metal used in the manufacturing of machinery and cars

Textiles

Cloth and clothes, it includes various fiber-based materials

Service(s) industries

all the businesses that provide services, or a particular group of these businesses

Catering

the provision of food and drink at a social event or other gathering, restaurants, bars, etc.

Computer software

provides instructions for computers

Financial services

provides banking, insurance, etc.

Healthcare

provides medical care

Leisure

the time that you don’t have work and can do what you want, cinemas, sports etc. provide a service in this case

Media

provides books, newspapers, film, television

Property or real estate (AmE)

Buying, selling and managing buildings

Retail

Shop

Telecommunications

Phone, internet services

Tourism

Travel and holidays

Industry (industrial)

The production of material and goods

To industrialise

To introduce industry into on a large scale

An emerging industry

Industries that are beginning to have economic power of succes

The economy

the system of making money and producing and distributing goods and services within a country or region

Growth industries

An industry that is increasing in size and developing quickly

Light industries

Industry that makes small things and does not need to use large, heavy machinery

Heavy industries

Industry that uses machines to produce either materials such as steel or large goods such as ships and trains

Diversified

If a business diversifies, it starts making new products or offering new services.

The market research

Investigation of the habits and preferences of the public choosing what goods to buy

Surveys

an examination of people's opinions, behaviour, etc. made, for example, by asking them questions

In-person surveys

Show an example or sample of a new product

A sample

a small amount of a substance, product, etc. that shows someone thinking of buying it what it is like

Telephone surveys

Calling up people to ask them questions about a product, service, etc.

Mail surveys

Surveys via mail

Low response rates

Not a lot of people send their answers back

Online surveys

Online questions to people

The pool ≠ swimming pool

A selection of people

To take part in

to be actively involved in something with other people

A focus group

A group of people who have been brought together to discuss a particular subject in order to solve a problem or suggest ideas

A moderator

Someone who tries to help other people come to an agreement

A personal interview

A meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or course

An observation

Videotaping them in stores, watching them at work, or observing how they use a product at home

A field trial

Involve placing a new product in selected stores to test customer response under reallife selling conditions

A developer

A person or company that creates new products, especially computer products such as software

The beta version

First version, a piece of software, that is at the second stage of development, during which customers are asked to use it to see if there are any problems that have not been corrected

To release

To allow to be known

To try out

to use something to see if it works well

A bug ≠ insects

a mistake or problem in a computer program

A designer

a person who imagines how something could be made and draws plans for it.

CAD/CAM

computerassisted design/ computerassisted manufacturing

A prototype

The first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed

A researcher

To study a subject carefully, especially in order to discover new information or understand the subject better

A laboratory

a room or building with scientific equipment for doing scientific tests or for teaching science, or a place where chemicals or medicines are produced

A trial

a test to discover how safe, effective, etc. a product is

A clinical trial

experiments or observations done in clinical research

Effective

Successful in producing the desired results

Safe

Without harm or risk

Industrial scale

The large size or amount characteristic of industry

A rollout

Process of making a product available, perhaps in particular places to test reaction

A product launch

Moment of truth when a product is officially made available for sale

A design defect or design fault

A mistake in the design

To recall

To bring back from memory; to remember

To design

to make plans or drawings for how something is to be made

To develop

to make a new idea become successful, for example by making or improving a product

To innovate

to think of new ideas, methods, products

To invent

to design and make something for the first time

Research and development(R&D)

The part of a business that tries to find ways to improve existing products, and to develop new ones

A research centre

A center where research is done

A breakthrough

An important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem

The technology

A scientific or industrial process, invention, method

The cutting edge or the leading edge

the most advanced position in an area of activity

State-of-the-art

Very modern and using the most recent ideas and methods

Hi-tech

Hightech: the most advanced technology available

Low-tech

using or requiring only low technology

Obsolete

No longer in use

Future-proof

To design software, a computer, so that it can still be used in the future, even when technology changes

Proprietary

To design software, a computer, so that it can still be used in the future, even when technology changes

A patent

The official legal right to make or sell an invention for a particular number of years

Under license

An official document that gives you permission to own, do, or use something, usually after you have paid money and/or taken a test

A royalty

a payment made to a writer, musician, inventor, etc. every time something they have created or invented is bought or used by others

Copyright

the legal right that someone has to control the production and selling of a book, play, film, photograph, piece of music, etc. for a particular period of time

Copyright infringement

An occasion when someone uses another’s text, pictures without permission

Illegal downloading

An occasion when someone uses another’s text, pictures or copying products without permission

Piracy

The whole activity of using designs, text, pictures or copying product without permission

Fake (products)

unauthorised replicas of the real product

A brand name or trademark

A name or symbol used to recognize a product of a company

Intellectual property

The law relating to designs, ideas, that belong to someone

Patent application

An occasion when an inventor asks the authorities to officially recognize an invention as their property

Proprietary information

Designs, ideas that belong to someone

Royalty payment

A payment made to the owner of a design by someone else who uses it, or to an author by a publisher

Licensing agreement

An arrangement between the owner of a design and another organization, allowing its use in exchange for payment

A product

Something that is made to be sold, usually something that is produced by an industrial process or, less commonly, something that is grown or obtained through farming

To produce

To bring out, the amount produced, especially of manufactured goods

A workshop

a room or building where things are made or repaired using machines or tools

Hand-made

made using the hands rather than a machine

The craft industry

It encompasses goods that are handmade by artisans or those skilled in a particular trade