Ch 8 & 9 - Women's Reproductive System & Neonatology

Ovaries

almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity; form and stores ova & produces estrogen & progesterone

• ovulation: the release of an egg from the ovaries that travels to the uterus via fallopian tubes

ovum

female egg cell

graafian follicles

microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. it moves to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum, which passes into the fallopian tube.

fallopian tubes

pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus (also called uterine tubes)

fimbria

finger-like projection at the free end of the fallopian tube

uterus

muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity.

Functions: menstruation, pregnancy, and labor

endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

myometrium

muscular middle layer of the uterus

perimetrium / uterine serosa

outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction

corpus / uterine body

large central portion of the uterus

fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus

cervix

narrow lower portion of the uterus

vagina

passageway between the uterus and the outside of the body

hymen

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina

vulva

external genitals of the female, including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, and vaginal opening

perineum

pelvic floor in both the male & female. For females, it refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus

bartholin glands / greater vestibular glands

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina, just above the vaginal opening

breasts

milk-producing glands, consists of mammary glands

mammary papilla

nipple

areola

pigmented area around the nipple

cervic/o

cervix

colp/o

vagina

endometri/o

endometrium

episi/o

vulva

gynec/o

woman, female reproductive organs

hymen/o

hymen

hyster/o

uterus

mamm/o - mast/o

breast

men/o

menstruation

metr/o

uterus

oophor/o

ovary

pelvi/i

pelvis, pelvic cavity

perine/o

perineum

salping/o

fallopian tube / uterine tube

trachel/o

cervix

vagin/o

vagina

vulv/o

vulva

hemat/o

blood

hydr/o

water

leuk/o

white

my/o

muscle

olig/o

scanty, few

py/o

pus

a-

absence of, without

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

endo-

within

peri-

surrounding (outer)

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-cleisis

surgical closure

-ectomy

excision, surgical removal

-gram

the record, radiographic image

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-ic

pertaining to

-osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhaphy

suturing, repairing

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-salpinx

fallopian tube

-tomy

cut into, incision

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix

dysmenorrhea

painful menstrual flow

endometriosis

abnormal condition of the endometrium

endometritis

inflammation of the endometrium

hematosalpinx

blood in the fallopian tube

hydrosalpinx

water in the fallopian tube; can cause blockage

mastitis

inflammation of the breast

menometrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation

menorrhagia

excessive bleeding during mensuration

metrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus (irregular)

myometritis

inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium)

oligomenorrhea

scanty menstrual flow (infrequent menstrual flow)

oophoritis

inflammation of the ovary

perimetritis

inflammation surrounding the uterus

pyosalpinx

pus in the fallopian tube

salpingitis

inflammation of the fallopian tube

salpingocele

hernia of the fallopian tube

vaginitis

inflammation of the vagina

vaginosis / bacterial vaginosis

abnormal condition of the vagina due to bacterial imbalance

vulvovaginitis

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy

menometrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia are some types of AUB

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

bartholin cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

endometrial cancer / uterine cancer

malignant tumor of the endometrium

fibrocystic breast changes / fibrocystic breasts (FCC)

thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts; thought to be caused by monthly hormonal changes.

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs; can be caused by many different pathogens

• can lead to infertility if untreated

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

condition typically characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring up to 10 days before menstruation

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons; caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

uterine fibroid / uterine myoma / leiomyoma

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

uterovaginal prolapse

dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles

vaginal fistula

abnormal connection between the vagina & another organ (urinary bladder, colon, rectum)

Vesicovaginal fistula

abnormal connection between the urinary bladder and the vagina