Chronicles of 16th Century Filipinos and Spanish Colonization

Spanish Colonization

Period of 333 years of Spanish rule in Philippines.

Magellan Expedition

First voyage around the world, led by Magellan.

Antonio Pigafetta

Chronicler of Magellan's expedition and Italian explorer.

Casa de Contratacion

Spanish agency managing overseas expeditions before 1524.

Strait of Magellan

Passage discovered connecting Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

Conqueror of the Philippines, arrived in 1564.

Chronicles

Historical accounts documenting events and experiences.

East-West Encounter

Initial contact between European explorers and Filipinos.

Primary Source

Original document or account from a direct witness.

Mutiny

Rebellion against authority, occurred during Magellan's voyage.

Isla de Ladrones

Name given to Guam after a theft incident.

Archipelago of St. Lazarus

Name given by Magellan to the islands he encountered.

Crew Composition

Approximately 270 crew members on Magellan's expedition.

Hardships during Voyage

Crew faced starvation, eating leather and sawdust.

Pigafetta's Manuscripts

Four known versions of Pigafetta's account exist.

Cebu Occupation

Legazpi's effective occupation of Cebu in 1565.

Economic Importance

Philippines valued for its resources by Spain.

Initial Impressions

Spaniards' first views of Filipino natives and culture.

Critical Evaluation

Assessing sources for authenticity and reliability.

Navigation and Exploration

Key themes during the Age of Exploration.

Surviving Crew

Only 18 crew members returned from the expedition.

Historical Context

Understanding events shaping Philippine history.

First Quarter of 16th Century

Period marking significant East-West encounters.

Pigafetta's Account

Detailed narrative of Magellan's journey and experiences.

Guam Resupply

Crew replenished supplies on March 6, 1521.

Feast of St. Lazarus

Date coinciding with Magellan's landing in Samar.

Historical Turning Point

Age of Exploration marked significant global changes.

Ramusio's Compilation

Published Pigafetta's account in 1550.

Rajah Siagu

Ruler of Butuan who met Magellan.

Rajah Colambu

Ruler of Caraga who formed a blood compact with Magellan.

Blood compact

Ceremonial agreement symbolizing friendship between leaders.

Fr. Pedro de Valderrama

Priest who officiated mass during Magellan's expedition.

Cebu

Island where Magellan met Rajah Humabon.

Rajah Humabon

Cebu's chief who initially welcomed Magellan.

Santo Niño

Image of child Jesus gifted to Juana by Magellan.

Lapu-lapu

Chief of Mactan who resisted Spanish colonization.

Zula

Mactan chief who sought help against Lapu-lapu.

Mactan warriors

Over 1,050 fighters who defeated Magellan's forces.

April 27, 1521

Date of the battle between Magellan and Lapu-lapu.

Trinidad

Ship captured by Portuguese in Moluccas.

Victoria

Ship that successfully returned to Spain.

September 6, 1522

Date Victoria returned to Spain after the voyage.

Juan de Plasencia

Franciscan friar who authored Customs of the Tagalogs.

Costumbres de los Tagalos

Account describing Tagalog customs and governance.

Datos

Chiefs of Tagalog communities, akin to knights.

Barangay

Community unit of 30 to 100 families.

Maharlicas

Nobles accompanying datos in warfare, exempt from taxes.

Aliping Namamahay

Commoners living independently but serving masters.

Aliping Sa Guiguilir

Slaves captured in war, can be sold.

Ransom

Payment allowing a slave to gain freedom.

Five taels

Minimum ransom price for a slave's freedom.

Duarte Barbossa

Magellan's successor who was killed in Cebu.

Enrique

Magellan's slave who conspired against the Spaniards.

Cebu massacre

Event where 24 Spaniards were killed during a feast.

Surviving crew

Only 18 of 270 original crew members returned.

Gold Tael

Unit of currency used in transactions.

Inheritance

Transfer of property upon a person's death.

Marriage Dowries

Payments made to secure a marriage.

Half-free Status

Children with mixed parentage status.

Debt Slavery

Condition of becoming a slave due to debt.

Arbiter

Neutral party resolving disputes.

Punishments

Consequences for violating laws.

Legitimate Children

Children born within a recognized marriage.

Adopted Children

Children legally taken into a family.

Favoritism in Inheritance

Unequal distribution of wealth among children.

Servitude

Condition of being under another's control.

Pregnancy Compensation

Payment to a master for a slave's pregnancy.

Fine for Relocation

Gold payment required for moving barangays.

Death Penalty for Insult

Severe punishment for insulting a chief's family.

Witch Punishments

Execution of witches after recompense.

Debt Payment Process

Surrender of land to settle debts.

Children of Witches

Offspring become slaves of the chief.

Odd Birth Order

Children inherit father's status.

Even Birth Order

Children inherit mother's status.

Compensation for Offenses

Fines paid for legal transgressions.

Service to Creditors

Debtors work for creditors to settle debts.

Transfer of Masters

Aliping Sa Guiguilir can inherit master's status.

Legal Appeals

Process for seeking justice in disputes.

Child Status Determination

Classification based on parents' social status.

Community Involvement

Public participation in legal proceedings.

Sa Guiguilir

A slave serving a favored master due to debt.

Dowry

Property given by groom to bride's parents.

Inheritance of Dowry

Wife and siblings inherit if parents deceased.

Unmarried Women's Property Rights

Unmarried women could not own property.

Marriage Fine

Penalty for failing to provide dowry.

Divorce Practices

Pre-colonial Filipinos allowed divorce under conditions.

Dowry Return

Dowry returned if wife leaves without remarrying.

Childless Couples' Dowry

Half dowry returned to husband if wife dies.

Tagalog Worship

Worship conducted in chief's large house.

Simbahan

Term for temple or place of worship.

Nagaanitos

Community worship event lasting four days.

Badhala (Bathala)

Primary deity worshiped by the Tagalogs.

Tala

Morning star worshiped by the Tagalogs.

Mapolon and Balatic

Names for the Pleiades and seasonal changes.

Dian Masalanta

Patron goddess of lovers and generation.

Buaya

Crocodiles feared and revered in Tagalog culture.

Tigmamanuguin

Bird whose song indicates omens for travelers.

Patianac

Ghost lamenting of women who died in childbirth.

Vibit

Term for ghosts in Tagalog belief.

Time Measurement

Based on agricultural cycles and lunar phases.