Meiosis
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21 Terms
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**Asexual reproduction**
Reproduction in which new offspring is produced by a single parent. (mitosis)
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**Sexual reproduction**
Reproduction results from combining genetic material from two parents. (meiosis)
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**Fertilization**
Joining of male and female haploid gametes (reproductive cell)
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**Haploid (n)**
A cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
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**Diploid (2n)**
A cell that contains pairs of homologous chromosomes
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**Zygote**
Cell formed by the fusion of two gametes. (fertilized egg cell)
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**DNA**
Stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. A nucleic acid is found in the nucleus of all living cells, which carries the organism's genetic information. (Shaped like a double helix)
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**Chromatin**
Fibres of DNA in its uncondensed form; exist during the S phase of interphase to allow DNA to replicate.
Additional information: During most of the cell cycle, DNA exists as a strand of chromatin fibre.
Additional information: During most of the cell cycle, DNA exists as a strand of chromatin fibre.
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**Chromosome**
A structure in the nucleus that contains DNA. (Condensed form of DNA)
Additional information: Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein.
Additional information: Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein.
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**Chromatids**
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that split and contain the same genetic material.
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**Tetrad**
.
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**Homologous chromosome**
A chromosome that contains the same sequence of genes as another chromosome.
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**Synapsis**
The aligning of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 in meiosis 1.
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**Crossing over**
The exchange chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous
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**Independent assortment**
The process where the chromosomes move randomly to separate poles during meiosis
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A male or female reproductive cell
**Gamete**
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**Spermatogenesis**
The process of producing male gametes (sperm) in mammals.
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**Oogenesis**
The process of producing female gametes (egg) in mammals'.
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**Non-disjunction**
The failure of homologous chromosome pairs or sister chromatid to separate during meiosis.
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**Monosomy**
The loss of chromosome as of a result of a non-disjunction.
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**Trisomy**
The gain of an extra chromosome as of a result of a non-disjunction.