APUSH Final Exam Review

Betty Friedan

Feminist that supported the ERA.

David Riesman

Sociologist that created “The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character” which discussed the social character of the urban middle class. 

Margaret Sanger

Tried to legalize birth control in the 1900s.

Roy Wilkins

Was a part of the NAACP, led to civil rights victories such as Brown V. Board of Education.

W.E.B Dubois

Civil Rights activist that helped create the NAACP. Fought against lynching, Jim Crow Laws,and discrimination in education and employment.

Booker T Washington

African American educator that advocated for vocational education for African Americans to improve their economic status, while not directly challenging segregation.

Common Man + Jacksonian Democracy

Average American citizen whose concerns are represented in government, universal male suffrage.

Detente + SALT

Easing hostility between countries + reducing the number of long range missiles that the United States and Soviet Union could possess.

Dr. Francis Townsend + Federal programs of old age benefits

Pays every person over 60 years $200 a month to help with the Great Depression + New Deal.

Fitzgerald and Sinclair Lewis + Disillusionment

Criticised middle class conformity and materialism + destroying the ideals of unrealistic middle class values (lost generation).

Hamilton’s financial program + eastern merchants

Establish a national bank and impose excise taxes + belief in the benefits of profitable trading for Britain.

Late 19th century agriculture + increase in cultivation

New farming techniques allowed a surplus of crops

Mercantilism + Navigation Acts

Aimed to use the colonies to make Britain more wealthy + imposed restrictions on colonial trade.

Progressive Reformers + Social Darwinism

Believed the society’s problems could be changed through education and a more effective workplace + the belief that only the fittest survive in politics and the economy.

Puritans + non-separatists

Thought that they could reform the church from within + committed to reformation of the church of England and restoration of early Christian society.

Sharecropping + Post-Civil War Freedmen

Farming

Temperance + Women Reformers

Advocated for Women’s Rights

The Red Scare + Deportation

People were taken back to their native country.

William Garrison + Immediate abolition

Garrison wanted slaves and oppressed people to gain freedom immediately.

Republican Motherhood

Gave women more purpose to educate and nurture the future of America.

American Colonization Society

Founded in 1817 for the purpose of transporting black people back to Africa.

Atlanta Compromise Speech

Made by Washington; outlined the belief that blacks should focus on economic gains, go to school, learn skills, and work their way up so that whites will become unresentful.

Bonus Expeditionary Force

20,000 veterans marched in Washington demanding immediate payment of bonuses earned during WW1 originally promised to be paid to them by 1945.

Bundle of Compromises

The US Constitution; delegates in Philadelphia didn’t get exactly what they wanted.

Civil Rights Commission, 1957

Investigated systematic discrimination in areas such as voting.

Containment

A foreign policy adopted by Truman in the late 1940s; the US tried to stop the spread of communism.

Dixiecrat Party, 1948

Conservative southern Democrats who objected to President Truman’s strong push for civil-rights legislation.

Flappers

Carefree young women with short hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts; symbolized the new “liberated” woman of the 1920s.

Franco-American Alliance, 1778

Agreement by France to furnish critically needed military aid and loans to the 13 American colonies; considered the turning point in the American Revolution.

GI Bill

Federal Law that provided educational and housing benefits to benefits.

Great Migration, 1917

The Movement of African Americans from the south to the industrial centers of the Northeast and the Midwest.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Authorized President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia.

Jacon Riis, How the Other Half Lives

Told the pubic about about the lives of the immigrants and those who live in tenements.

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Maine was admitted as a free state so that Missouri would become a slave state; prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory north of 36 30 line.

Monroe Doctrine

Indicated that further colonization by Europe in the Western Hemisphere would be considered a hostile act.

Pickney’s Treaty

1795 treaty with Spain; gave the US unrestricted access to the Mississippi River and established the border between the US and Spanish Florida.

Proclamation of 1763

Forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains; required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Pullman Strike, 1894

A strike by railroad workers upset by drastic wage cuts; led by Eugene Debs but not supported by the American Federation of Labor.

Reconstruction Financial Corporation

Gave authority to issue loans in order to assist railroads, banks, and businesses from collapsing. Only benefited the wealthy instead of the poor.

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Nations of the western hemisphere weren’t open to colonization by European powers; the US had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries.

The Compromise of 1850

5 laws that made concessions to slave and free states in an attempt to placate both sides of the slavery debate; California became a free state, New Mexico and Utah allowed slavery.

William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold “ Speech

Used religious language to argue in favor of economic reforms; argued for having the US dollar backed by silver and gold.

Wilmot Proviso

Bill proposed after the Mexican War that stated the neither slavery nor involuntary servitude will ever exist in any territory acquired from Mexico.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

War aims outlined by President Wilson which he believed would promote lasting peace, self-determination, freedom of the sea, free trade, and reduction of arms.

Brown v. Board of Education

Ruled that segregation in public schools was inherently unequal and unconstitutional; reversed the decision of Plessy V. Ferguson that allowed “separate but equal” facilities.

Marbury v. Madison

John Marshall established Judicial Review (Grants the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Upheld the legality of racial segregation (Separate but equal)

Sanford v. Dred Scott

A slave (Dred Scott) tried to sue for his freedom on the grounds that his master moved him to a free territory. The decision declared that black people weren’t citizens of the US and Congress had no Constitutional authority to regulate slavery in US territories.

True or False: By the 1750s, the British colonies on the North American mainland developed a disdain for the British constitutional monarchy.

False

True or False: The majority of White families in the antebellum South owned no slaves

True

Economic characteristic of the American home front in the Second World War

There was a general shortage of goods and materials and a lack of enough housing. Inflation starting increasing because of the difference between supply and demand.

Andrew Jackson’s position of the admission of Texas

He didn’t want to annex Texas because the issue of slavery in the West was too controversial.

Consequences of purchase of Louisiana

Doubled the size of the US, strengthened the country materially and strategically, provided a motivation to expand westward, and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal constitution.

Dominant Indian Policy of the US, 1880-1932

Break up tribal landholdings, assimilating Indians into mainstream American society.

Factors contributing to the 18th amendment

Churches argued that prohibition would help eliminate political corruption, domestic violence, and prostitution.

Immediate consequences of the Tet offense, 1968

Loss of popular support for the war in the US; people were enraged by the loss of American lives.

Immediate effect of Andrew Jackson’s attack of the Second Bank of the United States

Failure of State Banks - Withdrawal of federal funds from the bank.

Impact of “Reaganomics” on Wealthy Americans

Reduced the maximum tax rate.

Impact of the Great Depression on social mobility

Rapid rise in crime rates, malnutrition increased.

Impact of the Haitian rebellion on slavery in the late 18th century

Pushed France to abolish slavery.

In what ways do African slaves maintain cultural practices throughout the British North American colonies?

Stories, art, and song.

Major domestic developments during the Eisenhower Administration

Extended Social Security, minimum wage was raised, more public housing was built, and their was a large arms buildup.

Middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues during the early 20th century were called?

Progressives

Reasons for Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb

Destroy Japan’s ability to make war, quick surrender by Japanese, reduce amount of American lives lost, and save money.

Republican Party’s platform on slavery, 1854

Combat the expansion of slavery after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (Allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether they would allow slavery within their borders.

Slave status of colonies in the early 18th century

Internal Slave Trade - enslaved people were bought and sold, they were treated as property.

The most unpopular and least successful of Jefferson’s policies

Embargo Act, was unpopular and costly.

Thomas Jefferson’s position on the role of government

Stronger federal government would make the country more secure economically and militarily.

Example of a late 19th century municipal corruption

Tammany Hall and Tweed Ring.

What led to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army?

Insufficient weapons, clothing, and ammunition.

What was the position of The Federalist papers on the best protection of minority rights?

The rights of the minority will be in little danger from interested combinations of the majority.

Which immigrant group replaced New England farm girls in the antebellum period?

Irish

Which president ended American participation in Vietnam?

Nixon