rip timothy the pig

cranial and facial bones

the sull is composed of

frontal, two parietal, two temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid

the eight cranial bones

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

the main divisions of the axial skeleton

forelimbs, pectoral girdle, hindlimbs, pelvic girdle

main divisions of the appendicular skeleton

atlas

first vertebrae

axis

second vertebrae

auditory ossicles

malleus, incus, stapes (hammer, anvil, stirrup)

pelvis bones

ilium, ischium, pubis

hyoid bone

only bone that does not articulate with another bone

clavicle

bone of man missing in the pig

superficial fascia

skin connected to the muscle layer below by a fibrous tissue

insertion

the bone to be moved by a skeletal muscle serves as this

triceps brachii

muscle that acts as the antagonist of the biceps brachii

external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

the 3 layers of muscles on the ventral and lateral portions of the abdominal wall (outermost —> innermost)

trapezius

major superficial muscle of the upperback and shoulder

achilles tendon

the tough connective tissue that ties the gastrocnemius muscle to the calcaneus bone

external and internal intercostals

the muscles that raise and lower the ribs

latissimus dorsi

the large, broad sheet of muscle that originates along the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and inserts upon the humerus

leg

where the superficial muscles sartorius and gracilis are located at

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and largyngopharynx

the divisions of the pharynx

mouth/nasal, 2 eustachian tubes, larynx, glottis, esophagus, pharyngeal

7 passageways that penetrate the phraynx

filiform, fungiform, foliate, circumvallate

4 different types of papillae found on the surface of the tongue

palatine rugae and maxillae bones

bones that comprise the hard palate

lingual and palantine rugae

tonsils other than the palatine tonsils

dorsal to the trachea

where the esophagus is located

external jugular vein

the blood vessel formed just posterior to the submaxillary gland as a result of the union of smaller vesselse

piglottis

the cap of cartilage which prevents food from entering the trachea while swallowing

right lateral, right medial, left lateral, left medial, and caudate

5 lobes of the liver

jejunum

mid section of the small intestine and deals with major absorption of nutrient

ileum

lengthiest and last part of the small intestine before the large intestine starts

greater omentum

apron like membrane that covers the intestines, kidneys, pancreas, and spleen

lesser omentum

thin with 2 layers of peritoneum. covers the stomach, liver, and gallbladder

ileocecal valve

allows digested foods to pass from the small intestine to the large

between the ileum and the cecum

where the small intestine stops and large intestine begins

alimentary cancal

caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, anus

pig adrenal gland

formed near aorta towards cephalic ends of kidney

small intestine

where digestion fo fats begin

descending aorta, posterior vena cava, and esophagus

three major tubular structures that pass through the diaphragm

trachea

not found in the abdominal cavity

gestation

the period of time between conception and birth

115 days

approximate age of pig

4 digits

number of digits on each foot

umbilical cord

where the fetus gets rid of its waste products

hair and mammary glands

external characteristics that distinguish mammals from other animals

air

what goes in and out of external nares

pinna

the ear. helps pig hear by catching noises for the eardrum

vibrissae

whiskers. helps feel around in the dark

nictitating membrane

keeps eyes clean and moistens the eyes

thorax

chest region

abdomen

belly region

urogenital openings

facilitates the passage of urine and reproductive fluids

males - posterior to umbilical cord. excrete sperm and urine

females - below tail/anus. excrete urine

vaginal orifice

opening of vagina. helps in menstruation, intercourse, and reproduction

scrotum

contains the testes

keeps them cool

digitigrade

walk on digits

dogs

plantigrade

walk on feet

humans

unguligrade

walk on hooves

pigs and deer

liver

where the umbilical vein leads to

produce and distribute bile

intestinal mesentery

flap that holds the intestine in place

attached to small intestine

caecum

structure found at the junction of the small and large intestine

(A) mouth and (P) anus

anterior and posterior openings of the digestive tract

bile duct

carries bile to duodenum

stomach

stores and digests food

appears as a mucosa and submucosa folded into ridges called rugae

esophagus

secretes mucus as it transports food

small intestine

digest food and absorbs nutrients

large intestine

absorbs water, vitamins, and undigested feces

pancreas

produces enzymes to chemically digest food

gall bladder

releases bile

difficulty breathing

casued my spasms of diaphragm

heart and lungs

organs found in thoracic cavity

rugae

allows for expansion as the stomach fills

ulcer

open sore that develops in the lining of an organ or skin

appendectomony

removing appendix

surgeon enters through abdominal cavity

thymus gland

develops the immune system

produces T-cells

extends into the neck region and partially covers the heart

left ventricle

pumps out blood for the entire body

larger than the right

where the aorta originates

left atria

receives oxygenated blood

right atria

receives deoxygenated blood

right ventricle

where the pulmonary artery exits

lungs

the structure where the pulmonary arteries lead to

coronary circulation

supplies oxygenated, nutrient rich blood into the ventral portion of the heart

heart attacks caused by interruptions

arteries

carries more volumes of oxygenated blood than veins

circulatory system

transportation of nutrients, gases, waste, and hormones

homeostasis

provides channels for the immune system

capillaries

blood vessels that diffuse

heart valves

move more blood and get rid of waste from atria to ventricle

heart failure

caused when valve is leaking blood backwards in the heart

hepatic artery

liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas

carotid artery

brain

thoracic aorta

lungs

aorta

whole body

cranial vena cava (superior)

upper body

caudal vena cava (inferior)

lower body

blood returning from lower portion of body entering right atrium of the heart

taste

discriminates between types of food

smell

finds danger

tongue

aids in eating by moving for chewing and swallowing

hard and soft palate

guides food away from the nasal cavity to esophagus

saliva

substance secreted by oral cavity that contains enzymes to breka down food

esophageal opening

on top of opening of esophagus and carries food into stomach

kidneys

filters blood to produce urine

pig has 2

behind the digestive system

urethra

carries urine (+ semen for males)

ovary

produce eggs

testis

produces sperm

uterine horn

where uterus and fallopian tube meet