biomolecules - Wesley Hammond

Give an example of a disaccharide.

Sucrose, maltose, lactose.

What is a polysaccharide?

Many sugar units joined together.

Give an example of a polysaccharide.

Starch, cellulose, glycogen.

What elements do lipids contain?

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O).

What is the difference between fats and oils?

Fats are solid at room temperature, oils are liquid.

What are sources of lipids?

Butter, oil, cream, fat on meat.

What is the basic unit of a lipid?

Triglyceride (or glycerol and fatty acids).

What is a triglyceride made of?

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.

What is a phospholipid made of?

A glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

What elements do proteins contain?

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), sometimes Phosphorus (P) or Sulfur (S).

What are sources of protein?

Egg, meat, fish, nuts, milk.

What is the basic unit of a protein?

Amino acid.

What is a peptide bond?

A bond linking amino acids in a protein.

What is a polypeptide?

A long chain of amino acids bonded together (more than 50 amino acids).

What is the deficiency disease of Vitamin D?

Rickets.

What are two minerals needed by plants?

Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg).

What are two minerals needed by animals?

Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and Iron (Fe).

What percentage of the human body and most plants is made up of water?

About 60% of the human body and 80-90% of most plants.

What are the functions of water in living organisms?

Helps regulate body temperature, good solvent, main component of cytoplasm and body fluids, moves easily through membranes, participates in chemical reactions.

How do you test for starch?

Add iodine; turns blue/black.

How do you test for reducing sugar?

Benedict's test; turns red.

How do you test for protein?

Biuret test; turns purple.

How do you test for lipids?

Brown paper test; leaves a permanent translucent stain.

Why is food important to living organisms?

To provide energy and allow for growth and repair of body structures.

Name three elements present as dissolved salts.

Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium.

What are trace elements?

Elements needed in small amounts, e.g., Copper, Iron, Zinc.

What are biomolecules?

Chemicals made inside a living thing.

Name three types of biomolecules.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins.

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O).

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

C.(H₂O)ₙ

What is the fixed ratio of elements in carbohydrates?

Twice as much hydrogen as oxygen.

What are sources of carbohydrates?

Bread, pasta, potatoes, fruits, sugars.

What are the three main types of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides.

What is a monosaccharide?

A single sugar unit.

What is the basic unit of a carbohydrate?

Monosaccharide.

Give an example of a monosaccharide.

Glucose, fructose, ribose.

What is a disaccharide?

Two sugar units joined together.

What is the difference between an amino acid and a protein?

An amino acid is the basic building block; a protein is a large molecule made of many amino acids.