Studied by 2 people
Cahokia
A city found in the fertile bottomlands along the Mississiapi River that became a hotspot of new Mississipian culture
Iriquois Confederacy
A confederacy of tribes (Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondags, Cayugas, & Senecas) that granted political authority to councils of sachems or leaders
Pueblo Indians
a group of native Americans who resided primarily in the southwest and are distinguished by their style of building (use of adobe & rock to build into canyon walls)
Caravel
A new type of ship made w/ a lateen sail that aided in colinization efforts
Bartolome de las Casas
A priest that advocated against colonization & subjugation of the indigenous people
Chattel Slavery
The ownership of human beings as property
Encomienda
Granst given from the crown that allowed conquistadors claim tribute in labor and goods from indigenous people
Columbian Exchange
The mass movement of biological exchange of crops, animals, humans, and diseases across the Atlantic
Mercantilism
An economic system in which the government assisted in the manafacture & trade of goods
Powhatan
A powerful chief who oversaw thirty tribal chiefdoms who attempted to ally with the english
John Rolfe
An english colonist who is famous for his arranged marriage to Pocohontas & is responsible for the major production of tabacco in Virginia
Pocohontas
The daughter of a powerful chief who was put in an arranged marriage in attempt to makw peace w/ the Enlgish
Toleration Act of 1649
An act that granted all Christainas the right to follow their beliefs & hold church services
Headright system
A labor system that granted 50 acres of land to anyone who paid the passage of a new immigrant to the colony
Indentured Servitude
Contracts bound women and men to work for a master for fout to five years after which they would be free to marry and workf for themsleves
Pilgrims
Religious speratists who landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts
Puritans
Protestanst who did not seperate from the Church of england, but hoped to purify it of its ceremonies and hierarchy and fled to America
Mayflower Compact
A governing body that used the Puritans' self-governing religious congregation as the model for their political structure
House of Burgesses
A system of representative govt. made in 1619 that could make laws and levy taxes (not powerful)
Anne Hutchinson
A religious Protestant who believed in a "covenant of grace" and was exiled for her "heretical" beliefs & gender
Roger Williams
A puritan minister in Slem, who praised the seperation of Church & State opposed the establsihment of an official religion
John Winthrop
A puritan who left England to escape corruption & purify Christianity, while also settinfg an example for Christians
Nathanial Bacon
A rebel who is most known for his rebellion against Berkely and the House of Burgesses in which he seized control of the govt. and made both reform and enemies w/ the indigenous people
Sir Walter Raleigh
An explorer who made three expeditions to North Carolina
Pequot War
A war between the English colonies and indigenous tribe, Pequot, which ended in their complete massacre and pushed confidence towards New England's colonization
Metacom's War
After many attempts of the Wampanoag trying to line in peace w/ the English settlers; Metacom gave up and tried to drive the settlers out leading to a war
Joint-stock company
A corporation in which a commercial agreement that allows investors to pool thier resources together for a common purpose
Royal Colony
A colony established by the King/Queen where they must follow an appointed govt., an elected assembly , a formal legal system, and an established Anglican Church (model of the colonies)
predestination
the idea God saved only a few chosen people and that their fate is predetermined
John Smith
An English explorer who attempted to find a food supply of the indigenous people, but was instead captured and saved by Pocahontas"s mercy
Navigation Acts
A set of mercantilistic acts that restricted the colnies trade forcing them to solely trade w/ England on English ships
Halway covenant
A puritan church document that allowed partial membership rights to people who are not yet converted into the Puritan church
Dominion of New England
the formation of unification of New England Colinies into a larger group in order to act stricter w/ more authoritarian rules
Salutory Neglect
A colonial policy that allowed for American Self-government as royal bureaucrats
WIlliam Penn
A wealthy quaker who established a colony in Pennsylvania after facing persecution in England
Quakers
A religious group that faced persecution in England and escaped to the colinies and believed in purifying Christianity and believed in "innergrace"
Glorious Revolution
The end of the Catholic/authoritarian Kings in the bloodless transition of power to the protestant Queen and King, Mary of Orange and William
Propietorship
A colony not controlled under the crown, but under the rile of a Lord Propietor
Stono Rebellion
The largest slave urpising in the mainland colonies; showed the difficulties of slaves trying to revolt
South Atlantic System
A new (at the time) agricultural and commercial order that produced suagr, tabacco, rice and other tropical and subtropical products
Middle Passage
The Second Passage in slavery as they were trasnported against their will and kept in the most inhumane conditions across the Atlantic
Benjamin Franklin
An exemplar of the American Enlightenment who is noted for his inventions and influence in American politics and the constitution
(first) Great Awakening
George Whitefield along w/ Franklin's help started spreading the "word of God" and brought a new interest about religion to America
Enlightenment
A great cultural event which emphasized the power of human reason to understand and shape the world
Natural Rights
The fundamental rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that all citizens are born w/ must be protected by the govt.
George Whitefiled
An Enlgish minister who came to America and spread the ideas of pietism to the masses
Albany Plan of Union
A plan initiated that would unify the colonies under one govt. to more easily deal w/ trade, Indian policy, and colonies' defense
Sugar Act of 1764
A new tax that was established to repalce the Molasses Act, this one was fair & made molasses trade profitale; played into colonists fear of being lessers than the people in England
Declaratory Act
An act which explicityly reaffirmed Parliment's complete and total control
Proclomation Line of 1763
An act that prevented white settlers from settling the rest of the Appalachian Mountains
Townsend Act
Taxed imports of paper, paint, glass, and tea to pay the salaries of royal governers, judges, and imperial officials
Virtiual representaion
representation w/out a direct representative in govt.
Quartering Act
An act that required colonial govt. to provide barracks and food for British troops
Commitees of Correspondence
A system that allowed Patriots to communicate w/ leaders in other colonies when new threats to liberty occurred
Vice-admirality Courts
tribunals governing the high seas and run by British-appointed judges
(first) Continental Congress
A representative body of government that covened to dictate matters such as defense
Stamp Act
An act that placed a tax on all printed items and was used to pay British troops in America
Stamp Act Congress
A representive comitee that protested Americans' loss of rights and liberties via the Stamp and Sugar Act
"Common Sense"
A rousing call for independenece and for a republican form of govt.
Boston Massacre
An event in which British red coats shot into a cloud and was used to promote anti-royalist ideas
Coercive Acts
In a response to patriot push bakc the King enacted acts that would force Massachusetts to pay for the tea and submit to imperial authority
Sons of Liberty
A group of colonosts who banded together to protest the Stamp Act and other imperial reforms
Patrick Henry
A virginia governer who was known for his anti-federalist beliefs and opposition to the constitution
Second Continental Congress
A congress that gathered in Philidelphia was attacked, this resulted in the establishment of a continental army under the command of George Washington
Decleration of Independence
The official decleration that staed the colonies were ceceding from the British Empire
popular sovreignrenty
The principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the individuals
Phillis Wheatly
A fampous black, female poet in the 1770s that was incredibly litterate and write many great works
The Great Fire of NY
During Britain's attempt to capture NYC a fire broke out and burned a quater of the town's buildings
Non-importatin movement
Women boycotted products and reduced theor households' consumption of imported goods and produced large quantities of homespun yarn
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