Chapter 4 Part 2

wavelength(λ)

is the distance from the top (crest) of one wave to the top of the next wave

1 Å = 1 x 10^-10 what constant is this for and unit?

units of distance such as m, wavelength

1 Å=1 x 10^-8 what constant is this for and unit?

units of distance such as cm, wavelength

frequency(∨)

is the number of crests or troughs that pass a given point per second

What is the constant and unit of second 

-s^-1, hertz(Hz)

What is v?

crests or troughs that pass a given point per second. 1 Hz = 1 s^-1

What is amplitude?

measures intensity. Height ofpeak.

Who showed that we can think of like as a propagating electromagnetic wave? 

James Clerk Maxwell

The relationship between wavelength and
frequency for light: (formula)

c = λv

What is the constant of speed of light?

c = 3.00 x 10⁸ m/s

photon

the smallest “particle” of light. Often described as a packet of light energy.

What is Planks constant

6.626 × 10^-34J°S

What are the formulas for planks constants?

E=hv, E=hc/λ

What is the v(hz) for yrays

10²⁴, 10²², 10²⁰ v

What is the v(hz) for xrays

10¹⁸v

What is the v(hz) for uv rays

10¹⁶v

What is the v(hz) for IR (infrared)

10¹⁴, 10¹²v

What is the v(hz) for microwave?

10¹⁰v

What is the v(hz) for FM (radiowave)

10⁸v

What is the v(hz) for AM (radiowave)

10⁶v

What is the v(hz) for long radio wave

10⁴,10², 10⁰ v

What is the λ(Å) for y-rays

10^-6, 10^-4, 10^-2λ

What is the λ(Å) for X-rays

10⁰

What is the λ(Å) for uv

10²

What is the λ(Å) for IR(infrared)

10⁴

What is the λ(Å) for mircowave?

10⁸

What is the λ(Å) for FM Radiowaves?

10¹⁰

What is the λ(Å) for AM Radiowaves?

10¹²λ

What is the λ(Å) for long radio waves?

10¹⁴, 10¹⁶ , 10¹⁸λ

Constructive interference

amplitudes are in phase and add-up

Destructive interference

amplitudes are out of phase and cancel out

emission spectrum

is formed by an electric current passing through a gas in a vacuum tube

absorption spectrum

is formed by shining a beam of white light through a sample of gas

What are the symbols quantum numbers?

n, l, m_l, m_s

Aufbau Principle

When filling in the diagram electrons are placed in the lowest energy levels first, before higher ones

Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons can be in the same quantum state

Hund’s Rule

When orbitals have the same energy levels, electrons spread out before they pair up

What are the exceptions in electron configuration?

Cr
Cu
Ag
Mo

paramagnetic

Atoms with unpaired electrons

diamagnetic

Atoms where all electrons are paired

What is the shape for s-orbitals

spherically shaped

The principal quantum number 

N

The angular momentum quantum number

L

The magnetic quantum number

m_l

The spin quantum number

m_s

Principal Quantum Number (QN): n

Characterizes the main energy level of the electron in a particular orbital

Does the energy level increase between the orbitals?

The amount of energy between orbitals gets smaller

Angular Momentum QN: l

The angular momentum quantum number relates to the shape or type of the orbital or types of subshell and it is corresponds to the shape 

l=0 corresponds to an 

“s” orbital

l=1 corresponds to an 

“p” orbital 

l=2 corresponds to an 

“d” orbital 

l=3 corresponds to an 

“f” orbital 

Magnetic QN: m_l

The magnetic quantum number specifies the number and orientation of orbitals in a given subshell  and gives the number of orbitals of a particular shape 

p orbitals are what shape?

dumbbell shaped

d orbitals are what shape?

clover or dumbbell with a belt

What is l for an s-orbital?

l = 0

what ml values are allowed for 1

-1, 0, and +1

What is l for a p-orbital?

If l = 1

what m_l values are allowed?

0,-1,+1