Filipino Struggles During Spanish Regime

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from the lecture notes on the struggles of Filipino farmers during the Spanish regime, the role of ilustrados, and Rizal's perspective on reforms and independence.

What obstacles did Filipino farmers face during the Spanish regime?

Filipino farmers faced risks such as plagues, calamities, tyranny from officers, lack of laborers, and theft from civil guards.

What was the role of civil guards in the plight of Filipino farmers?

Civil guards abused their power by stealing crops and resources, often arresting farmers on baseless charges.

How did Filipino farmers typically defend against bandits and theft?

Farmers often had to arm themselves and prepare for dangerous combat due to lack of government protection.

What did the propagandists seek regarding the licensing of firearms for farmers?

They sought reforms to simplify the process of obtaining licenses for firearms, advocating for local issuance instead of Manila.

What was the perception of the government in relation to farmers and banditry?

The government was viewed as corrupt and ineffective, seemingly colluding with bandits while neglecting the welfare of honest citizens.

Who were the ilustrados and what were their views during the 19th century?

Ilustrados like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, and others criticized Spanish abuses and sought reforms from abroad.

What was Jose Rizal's attitude toward Philippine assimilation to Spain as expressed in his letters?

Rizal expressed that Filipinos were wrong to aspire for Hispanization, arguing for independence rather than assimilation.

How did Rizal's speech 'Brindis' reflect his views on nature and nationalism?

In 'Brindis', Rizal appreciated nature's beauty and pain, mirroring his desire for Filipino independence and progress.

What was the impact of myths surrounding Rizal on Filipino nationalism?

The myths created confusion about Rizal's true stance on independence, complicating the understanding of the nationalist movement.

What critical views did Rizal hold about the Spanish government in his letters?

Rizal criticized the government's ineffective leadership and called for better education, representation, and governance.