Chapter 1 - Give Me Liberty

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32 Terms

1

Slave Trade

Europeans in West Africa established a slave trade, with 7.7 million enslaved Africans transported to the Americas from 1492 to 1820.

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2

Native Identity

Native American groups identified through family, clan, town, or nation rather than as a single people.

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3

Bering Strait Migration

Native American ancestors migrated from Asia to the Americas via a land bridge.

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4

Native Agriculture

Maize, squash, and beans were the primary crops cultivated by Native Americans.

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5

Medieval Warm Period

A climate phase that allowed for longer growing seasons and urban development in North America.

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6

Cahokia

The largest city north of Mexico, part of the Mississippian civilization.

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7

Puebloans

Southwest tribes known for their irrigation systems and multi-family dwellings.

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8

Gender Roles

Native American societies were gendered but often more equal than European societies, with women holding significant power.

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9

Slavery in Native Societies

Small-scale slavery existed, but it was not inheritable, and captives could integrate into society.

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10

Trans-Saharan Trade

West African wealth was derived from trade across the Sahara, including the exchange of enslaved people.

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11

Mali Empire

A significant West African empire known for its major cities like Jenne, Gao, and Timbuktu.

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12

Coverture

A legal doctrine in England requiring married women to surrender their legal identity to their husbands.

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13

Columbian Exchange

The transatlantic flow of goods, including crops and livestock, between the Americas and Europe.

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14

Mestizos

Individuals of mixed European and Native American ancestry in Spanish America.

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15

Black Legend

The negative portrayal of Spain as a brutal colonizer, used by rival European powers.

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16

Pueblo Revolt

A successful uprising against Spanish rule in 1680 led by Popé, resulting in the temporary expulsion of Spanish colonizers.

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17

Dutch West India Company

Established a monopoly on trade in America and settled New Amsterdam (New York).

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18

Flushing Remonstrance

A petition advocating for religious tolerance in New Netherland, highlighting the diversity of settlers.

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19

Great League of Peace

In NY and PA the Haudenosaunee (Meaning “the people of the longhouse”) formed with the Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, Senecas, and Onondagas (male representatives chosen by women)

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20

Reconquista

in 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain completed the reconquest of Spain from the Moors (African Muslims) who had occupied part of the Iberian Peninsula for centuries

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21

Caravel

ship capable of long-distance travel, used by the Portuguese to advance sea trade routes

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22

Conquistadores

men sent out to conquer the “new worlds” and were often accompanied by religious missionaries

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23

Tenochtitlán

The capital of the Aztec empire located in modern day Mexico

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24

Aztec

name for the empire ruled by a single emperor in modern Mexico, before the arrival of Spain

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25

Creoles

persons born of European decent in the colonies

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26

Hacienda

large scale farms controlled by Spanish landlords and worked by native Americans

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27

Mestizos

persons of mixed origin

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28

Nintey-five Theses

in 1517 Martin Luther accused the church of wilderness and corruption, Causing the protestant reformation

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29

Bartolomé de Las Casas was

a Dominican priest who wrote about the Spanish atrocities towards the native people of the Caribbean islands

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30

Repartimiento system

Native towns were required to provide a fixed amount of Labor each year to Spanish or farms

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31

Black Legend

the image of Spain, as a uniquely, brutal and exploitative colonizer and was used as justification for other European powers to challenge Spain predominance in the Americas

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32

Borderland

is a meeting place of peoples where geographical and cultural borders are not clearly defined

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