Western Civ

Identify and State the Significance of the Following

Homeric Values

Minoan Crete

first major civilization of greece

Arête

the pursuit of excellence continuing throughout your life

Agon

acceptance that life will be a struggle

Polis

greek city states

Oracle of Delphi

young woman who is very stoned all the time who people come to consult her about politics and war

Hoplite Phalanx

military formation 8x8 where soldiers surrounded each other with shields

Benefits of Greek Tyranny

they improved peoples lives

Perioikoi

second tier “citizens” of sparta (merchants)

Helots

a member of a class of slaves in ancient Sparta

Lycurgus Reform in Sparta

Transformed sparta into a military state

Agoge

Military school you leave from age 7

Debt Slavery

a citizen incapable of paying his debts became "enslaved" to the creditor

Solon

Banned debt slavery

Draco

Made extremely excessive laws “draconian laws”

Council of 500

picked 500 people at random and they chose laws for a year and then they got switched out for 500 more random people

Democracy in Athens under Pericles

Paid officials, jury duty, direct democracy, ostracizing

Sappho

ancient greek poet “love poet”

Thucydides

Athenian historian and general. Told events exactly as they happened

Herodotus

Historian and geographer. Heavily dramatized history

Sophocles

Greek tragedian

Ostrakon

piece of pottery broken off from a vase

Greco Persian War

series of conflicts by the greeks and persians

Battle of Marathon

It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes. The battle was the culmination of the first attempt by Persia under King Darius I to subjugate Greece

Battle of Salamis

The Battle of Salamis was a naval battle fought in 480 BC, between an alliance of Greek city states under Themistocles, and the Achaemenid Empire under King Xerxes. It resulted in a victory for the outnumbered Greeks.

Battle of Thermopylae

300 spartans fought against xerxes and the persians

Themistocles

Athenian Politician

Xerxes

persian ruler

“Age of Pericles” period during which pericles led athens

Delian League

The Delian League was a confederacy of Greek city states

Peloponnesian War

Sparta was concerned about the growing naval power of athens, lasts several decades

Agora

a public open space used for assemblies and markets.

Acropolis

a citadel or fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically built on a hill

Socrates

philosopher who decided who is “wise” (said himself)

Plato

thought philosophers should rule

The Republic

book by plato that has the allegory of the cave

Aristotle

Greek philosopher and polymath

Parthenon

a temple, dedicated to Athena

Discobolus

Sculpture of perfect male form in motion

Doryphoros

Perfect male form standing