Oral Communication Chapter 5& 13

Nonverbal Communication

behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning without use of words
accompany verbal messages

6 Characteristics of nonverbal communication
1. present in most ______
2. often conveys ____ info than verbal
3. believed over ___ ___
4. ____ means of ______
5. meta communities
6. serves _____ functions

1. present in most convos
2. often conveys more info than verbal
3. believed over verbal communication
4. primary means of expression emotion
5. meta communities
6. serves multiple function

How is nonverbal communication present in most conversations?

with the use of facial expressions, tone of voice, dress/smell, emails, emojis, telephone

How does nonverbal communication convey more information than verbal?

With the use of emotions

How is nonverbal communication more believed over verbal?

Nonverbal is harder to control therefore it tells what a person is truly thinking

How is nonverbal communication the primary means of expressing emotion?

Through vocal behavior and facial expression

How does nonverbal communication contribute to meta communication?

Using nonverbal symbols to talk about communication
(example using nonverbal cues to indicate a message is a secret)

How does nonverbal communication serve multiple function?
- it helps manage ___ by showing
_______
- forms _____
- helps to _____ others
-conceals ____

- it helps manage conversation
- maintain relationships by showing immediacy behaviors
- forms impressions
- helps to influence others
-conceals info

Ten Channels of nonverbal communication

1. Face displays
2. Eye behaviors
3. Movements and Gestures
4. Touch Behaviors
5. USe of time
6. Vocal behaviors
7. Use of smell
8. Use of space
9. Physical appearance
10. use of artifacts

Face displays (3 types)

Communicates most info
identity, attractiveness (symmetry and proportion), emotion (nonmatual signals, ASL)

An important eye behavior
Pupil size

eye contact
Pupil size: Dilate means physical attraction, arousal, pos/neg response

movements (1) and gestures (5)

Gait (way you walk)
gestures: use of arms and hands to communicate
Emblems ( gestures with direct verbal translation
Illustrators ( gestures go along with verbal message for clairy)
affect displays (communicate emotion)
regulators ( controls flow of convo)
adaptors (satisfy personal needs )

Touch Behaviors ( 5 types)

first of five sense developed and can't live without
1. Affectionate : contributes to physical emotion and well being
2. caregiving: when receiving form of care/service
3. power and control: exert behavior over others
4. aggression: inflict harm
5. ritualistic : part of custom/tradition

9 types Vocal behaviors
What is paralanguage?

paralanguage : voice cues that go along with behaviors
- pitch, variation, volume, rate, filler words, pronunciation, articulation, accent, silence

use of smell inflicts what two things

1. memory
2. sexual attraction

What is proxemics? (use of space)
Different types of spaces

proxemics: each have preferred personal space
intimate distance to personal to socal to public

What is the halo effect? (physical appearance)

halo effect : person looks good then they are good ( increase self esteem, and eating disorder)

use of time shows...

how much power and value we give to others

use of artifacts

objects and visual features with an environment that reflects who we are and what we like

How does culture influence nonverbal communication?

- emblems, displays, personal distance, eye contact, facial displays of emotion, greeting, time orientation, touch vocals.

What 3 things are similar across cultures?

Space, Greeting, expressions,

Why and how does sex influence nonverbal communication?

Why: Through early childhood conditioning, anatomica, physiological differences
How: emotional expressiveness, vocalics, touch appearance

Interpreting nonverbal communication ( two ways)

1. Being sensitive to nonverbal messages
- mindful awareness, taking note before interpreting (facial expression and body movement)
2. decipher meaning
- taking the meaning that was intended

expressing nonverbal messages (4 skills to help)
1. Work on _______
2. _____ from others
3. practice being _____
4. pay attention to _____

1. Work on self awareness
2. learn from others
3. practice being expressive
4. pay attention to others

4 Styles of delivering a speech

1. impromptu
2. extemporaneous
3. script
4. memorized

Impromptu

deliver on the spot, little to no prep

extemporaneous

prepare to sound as though its being delivered spontaneously
- talking with listeners inside of formally addressing them

script

word for word on manuscript, read exact as written
- ensure you know what you're saying, time consuming, manipulating manuscript

memorized

composed word for word then delivered from mem
- time consuming, overly formal, speakers mem may fail

Ways to manage public speaking anxiety

1. recognize its a common form of stress
2. don't like it be debilitating
3. making it an advantage

Psychological, physical and behavioral effects caused by public speaking stress

Psychological
- anxiety & anticipating anxiety: worry when looking ahead (decreases as prep starts)
Physical effects
- flight or fight, increase heart rate/ blood pressure/stress
Behavioral Effects
- voice, mouth, throat, facial expression, general movement, verbal behav

How can public speaking be debilitating?

can immobilize, mind goes blank = unable to deliver speech and wanting to escape

Ways to make public speaking an advantage
1. accepting public speaking anxiety as ______
2. focus ___ ____
3. ______ success performance
4. ______
5. _____ in virtual reality
6. stay _____

1. accepting public speaking anxiety as normal
2. focus neg energy
3. visualize success performance
4. desensitize
5. practice in virtual reality
6. stay pos

Things to focus on when practicing effective delivery? 3 things

Visual/ vocal elements
cultural norms

5 Visual elements affect delivery

facial expression (change throughout)
Eye contact (look at sections/ people at a time)
posture ( face audience, good posture, enough room to move around)
gestures (spontaneous, appropriate in # and size)
personal appearance ( appropriate for audience/ occasion)

Vocal elements of delivery

rate
volume
pitch
articulation [ unness sounds in words (addition), reversing sounds (transpositions), deletion]
fluency

how does culture norms affect delivery?

- some cultures may prefer a certain/ different delivery style and speak content.

Presenation aids

anything use in conjunction with speech or presentation to stimulate listeners senses

Ways presentation aids enhance speech

improves attention, learning and recall

Low tech presentation aids

objects, flavors, texture/orders, handouts, people

multimedia presentation aids

text slide
graphic slides ( tables, charts, graphs)
video and audio

What to remember when choosing and using presentation aids

remember the goal
it's only to aid
consider context ( size, time, resources)
make it simple/ethical
practice and have backups