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31 Terms

1
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meritocratic

(adj) công bằng năng lực (ựa trên khả năng và thành tích cá nhân để đánh giá và phân bổ quyền lực hay tiền bạc).

2
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merit

the quality of being good, deserving praise or reward - giá trị, xứng đáng

3
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nepotism

/ˈnepətɪzəm/

the practice of giving unfair advantages to your own family if you are in a position of power, especially by giving them jobs - việc thiên vị người thân, cho làm việc trong tổ chức 

The company was accused of nepotism after the director hired his two sons.

4
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feudalism

/ˈfjuːdəlɪzəm/

chế độ phong kiến 

5
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inheritance

/ɪnˈherɪtəns/

di sản, thừa kế, tiền bạc, tài sản

6
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personal validation

an element of personal validation

sự khẳng định giá trị bản thân

7
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nobleman 

người đàn ông thuộc tầng lớp quý tộc 

8
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degeneracy

/dɪˈdʒenərəsi/

moral or physical decline; sự suy đồi, tha hóa đạo đứcc

~ moral corruption

9
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constituency

/kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/   
Nhóm người có chung lợi ích hoặc được ai/cái gì phục vụ.

10
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gestate

/dʒeˈsteɪt/

(bio) mang thai, ấp

(bóng) to develop an idea, plan or project slowly over time - nuôi dưỡng, phát triển dần (1 ý tưởng)

estate a child – mang thai một đứa trẻ

  • gestate an idea/project – ấp ủ, phát triển một ý tưởng/dự án

  • slowly gestating plan – kế hoạch đang dần hình thành

The writer gestated his novel for over a decade before publishing it.

11
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rung of the ladder

bậc thang (ẩn dụ) trong hệ thống cấp bậc hay sự nghiệp

She started on the bottom rung of the ladder as an assistant and worked her way up to manager.

12
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flounder

(v) /ˈflaʊndə(r)/ 

struggle or have difficulty doing or understanding something; di chuyển lúng túng, loạng 

→ flounder in water – vùng vẫy trong nước

After losing his job, he floundered for months before finding a new direction.

13
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attenuate

/əˈtenjueɪt/

make something weaker, smaller, or less effective - làm suy yếu, làm giảm đi
attenuate the effects of
– làm giảm tác động của

  • attenuate a virus – làm giảm độc lực của virus

  • attenuate sound/light – làm giảm âm thanh/ánh sáng

  • attenuate risk – giảm rủi ro

→ Vaccines work by using an attenuated form of the virus to build immunity

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compassion

sự cảm thông, lòng trắc ẩn

15
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the course of (one’s) career

quá trình sự nghiệp của một người — bao gồm các giai đoạn, kinh nghiệm và bước tiến trong suốt thời gian làm việc. 

16
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granted

admittedly, its true, but

Granted, it wasn’t the best decision, but we had no choice.

17
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pitiable

(adj) đáng thương, tội nghiệp - /ˈpɪtiəbl/

~ miserable, pathetic

It was a pitiable attempt at humor that made no one laugh.

18
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insane 

/insein/ foolish, crazy 

(mental state) mất trí, điên loạn, không kiểm soát được hành vi hoặc suy nghĩ.

He was declared insane after years of mental illness.

19
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philosophical

/ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl/
(adj) thuộc triết học, có triết lý sống

→ thoughtful

philosophical debate / question / idea

→ He remained philosophical about losing his job.

20
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loathe

/ləʊð/

ghét cay ghét đắng

21
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flaw

/flɔː/ a mistake, weakness, or imperfection

The plan was good, but it had one major flaw.

22
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fabricate

/ˈfæbrɪkeɪt/

make up or invent to deceive; false

bịa đặt, giả mạo

fabricated story / evidence / report

The journalist was fired for publishing fabricated news.

23
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converse with sb

chat with, talk with

Socrates often conversed with people in the marketplace.

24
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just 

(a) công bằng 

It's just to treat everyone with respect and kindness.

25
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pillage

(v/n) /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

to steal goods violently, especially during a war

pillage and burn villages

26
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assertion

lời khẳng định, tuyên bố chắc chắn

His assertion that he was innocent surprised everyone.

27
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commander

/kəˈmɑːndə(r)/ a person in charge of a group of soldiers or a military unit - chỉ huy, tư lệnh

28
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midwife

a person, usually a woman, who helps women give birth to babies - bà đỡ, nữ hộ sinh

The midwife stayed with the mother throughout the delivery.

29
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rationale

/ˌræʃəˈnɑːl/

the reason or logical basis for a decision or belief

The rationale behind his decision was never made clear.

30
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judicial

thuộc về tòa án, tư pháp

The country needs to reform its judicial system.

31
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hypothetical