Systems path 2 exam 1 - Oral Pathologies & Abnormalities (pg 1-40)

a condition that causes painful swelling or sores inside mouth

stomatitis

Painful ulcerations of the oral mucosa and pharynx

aphthous ulcer (canker sore)

appearance of a canker sore

white exudate with red rim

what type of aphthous ulcer may recur monthly?

recurrent

what type of aphthous ulcer contains lesions >1 cm, is more painful, recurs frequently and takes longer to heal?

major

what type of aphthous ulcer typically affects females and is characterized by tiny, discrete ulcers which coalesce into ulcerated patches?

herpetiform ulcers (not linked to herpes)

what vitamin has the potential to heal an aphthous ulcer?

B12

herpes simplex 1 location

orofacial

herpes simplex 2 location

genitals

what pathology is characterized by grouped vesicles which may itch, burn, tingle, cause headache, pharyngitis or fever?

oral herpes (cold sores)

what causes oral herpes

HSV

childhood oral herpes is usually asymptomatic. if it becomes symptomatic, what is it called?

acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

where is oral herpes transmitted?

trigemina ganglion

recurrent oral herpes ( in adults)

recurrent herpetic stomatitis

what are some factors that triggers oral herpes to show up?

trauma, UV light, fever, stress

transmission of HSV-1 into CNS which is rare and fatal

herpesviral encephalitis

cause of oral candidiasis (thrush)

Candida albicans

appearance of thrush

gray/white pseudomembranes with underlying erythema

Can thrush be scraped off?

yes

what type of oral proliferative lesion is a nodular mass, following chronic irritation (hyperplasia and fibrosis) and found along the bite line

fibroma

what type of oral proliferative lesion is a hemangioma on gingiva, red/purple, found in pregnant women and children

pyogenic granuloma

raised, thickened white patch inside mouth that can't be scraped off

leukoplakia

What can leukoplakia lead to?

epithelial hyperplasia, keratosis, dysplasia

risks associated with developing leukoplakia?

inflammation, tobacco, alcohol, candidiasis, males age 40-70

What % of leukoplakia develops into cancer?

25% (SSC)

what pathology is characterized by white, hyperkeratotic plaque distbijubed on lateral border of tongue ; "hairy" white striations ; associated with HIV

oral hairy leukoplakia

cause of oral hairy leukoplakia

EBV

red, velvety oral lesion with irregular borders

erythroplakia

risks for developing erythroplakia

males 40-70, irritants

what % of erythroplakia transitions into SCC?

50%

what accounts for 95% of oral cavity & oropharyngeal cancers?

oral squamous cell carcinoma

risk associated with developing oral SCC

alcohol, tobacco, >30 years, HPV-16

appearance of oral SCC

raised firm lesion, whitish-gray or erythematous, irregular borders, ulceration (possibly)

top 3 locations for oral SCC

ventral tongue, floor of mouth, lower lip

oral SCC may develop atop a background of _________ or __________

leukoplakia or erythroplakia

MC site of metastasis of oral SCC

cervical nodes

HPV causes most of SCC of the _________

oropharynx (base of tongue, tonsillar crips)

who gets HPV associated SCC?

young people with no history of tobacco or alcohol use

oral cancer risk factors

tobacco use, alcohol, and HPV

MC primary salivary gland pathology

parotid

dry mouth due to decreased saliva production

xerostomia

autoimmune attack on salivary and lacrimal glands

sjögren syndrome

inflammation and enlargement of salivary glands

sialadenitis

viral sialadenitis

mumps

mumps in adults

orchitis, pancreatitis

when saliva/mucus collects within tissue and turns into an inflamed cyst

mucocele

who are salivary neoplasms MC in?

females 60-80 years old

salivary gland neoplasms

75% parotid (25% malignant)

10% submandibular (40% malignant)

15% sublingual and minor salivary (75% malignant)

MC benign tumor, 60% of parotid gland tumors which is encapsulated and painless and found mixed tissues

pleomorphic adenoma

invasive and affixed parotid gland neoplasm which is aggressive

carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (malignant mixed tumor)

15% of all salivary tumors ; MC form of primary malignant tumor of salivary glands

mucoepidermoid carcinoma