UNIT 4 BIO - 11/12/24

Biological species

A group of populations whose members can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

Morphological species

shape, size, general morphology

Ecological species

where found, what eat

Phylogenetic species

smallest group that share common ancestor

Prezygotic barrier

prevents the formation of a zygote

Postzygotic barrier

prevents the reproduction of an organism after the formation of a zygote

Types of prezygotic barriers

Habitat (different habitats), temporal (different breeding times), behavioral (different courtship rituals), mechanical (incompatible reproductive parts), gametic (incompatible gametes)

Types of postzygotic barriers

Reduced hybrid vitality (short-lived), reduced hybrid fertility (sterile), hybrid breakdown (fertile hybrids with sterile offspring)

Speciation

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

Allopatric speciation

population is separated into two groups and undergo selection differently

Sympatric speciation

a sudden genetic change that causes a population to not view one another as mates