Viral Rashes + Mumps/Mono

Most common cause of infections in children?

viruses

What is a virus?

Tiny, genetic material encased in a protein coat, only replicate inside a host, not considered cells, DNA or RNA (not both)

Viral Exanthems

Skin rashes caused by viral infections

Viral Exanthems include which conditions? (7)

- Roseola infantum

- Rubella

- Measles

- Chicken pox (Varicella)

- Herpes Zoster

- Smallpox (Variola)

- 5th Disease (Erythema infectiosum)

Roseola infantum

High fever first, then pink spotted rash on chest, febrile seizures

Caused by HHV 6

- no vaccine

- no long term effects

- not contagious

Roseola infantum treatment

Antipyretics (Tylenol or Motrin) if >6mo

Rubella

Pink rash starts on face and spreads to chest and limbs, joint pain

Droplet Precautions for a week

What age is the 1st and 2nd dose of MMR given?

age 1 and 4

Why cant MMR be given to pregnant women?

its a live vaccine

Measles

Koplik spots in mouth

Rash turns brown, does NOT fade with pressure (scarlet fever does)

Airborne precautions

Hallmark sign of Measles?

Koplik spots - small white spots in cheek

Most common complication from Measles?

pneumonia

Measles treatment

topical cream, antipyretics, buckwheat honey for cough, wear sunglasses (minimize photophobia)

Chicken Pox (Varicella)

HIGHLY contagious latent virus, causes shingles

- prevented with vaccine

- very itchy

Rash starts on chest and spreads UP

Lesions in different stages (macules, papules, vesicles, crust)

Airborne and Contact precautions

When is chicken pox contagious?

1-2 days before rash and until lesions crust over

Hallmark sign of Chicken Pox?

Clear vesicles on a red base

Chicken Pox treatment

oatmeal creams, Benadryl (for itching), Acyclovir (antiviral)

When can a child with chicken pox return to school?

when lesions are crusted over

Chicken pox isolation equipment

N95 mask, gloves, gown, negative pressure room

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Varicella reactivates and causes painful lesions localized on back

Tx

- Acyclovir within 72 hours

- VZIG vaccine

- analgesia

Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

Stage 1: Mild flulike symptoms

Stage 2: Slapped-cheek facial rash

Stage 3: Body rash

Only contagious BEFORE rash appears, cannot spread when rash present

Parvovirus b19

Droplet Precautions

Fifth disease can cause what complications?

Anemia or hydrops fetalis if pregnant

High risk group for fifth disease?

Sickle cell

Fifth disease treatment

supportive care, no complications if healthy

When can a child with fifth disease return to school?

when rash appears

Small pox (variola)

Eradicated disease compared to chicken pox

- contagious until lesions are dried

- Same stage lesions

- starts in face and spreads down

- sicker pt

Airborne Precautions

None rash infections

mumps, mono, covid

Mumps (chipmunk cheeks)

Swollen parotid glands above jawline

- painful chewing

- prevented with MMR

Droplet precautions

Mumps complication?

Orchitis (swollen testes)

Mumps treatment

soft bland food and analgesics

Infectious Mononucleosis (kiss disease)

Common in teens and spread through saliva

- diagnosed by EBV in blood

Mono symptoms?

fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes (cervical), white tonsils

Mono causes what organ to enlarge?

Spleen

Highest risk of mono?

Spleen rupture

Mono treatment

NO contact sports, rest, cool fluids

Covid-19

respiratory disease caused by sars cov 2, spread through air or droplets

vaccine given if 6 months or older