AP EURO Leq Unit 3 (age of politics and ideologies)

Frankfurt Parliament

German Nationalistic/romantic leaders called for a constituent assembly to unify the German states and presented a constitution to Prussian King Frederick Wilhelm IV for a united German federation

Reform Bill of 1832

In response to growing public despair, and it increased number of voters from 6% to 12% of the population, also eliminating underpopulated rotten boroughs.

Frankfurt Parliament

German Nationalistic/romantic leaders called for a constituent assembly to unify the German states and presented a constitution to Prussian King Frederick Wilhelm IV for a united German federation

Reform Bill of 1832

In response to growing public despair, and it increased number of voters from 6% to 12% of the population, also eliminating underpopulated rotten boroughs.

Poor laws

It required healthy unemployed workers to live in workhouses so they could not be homeless

Carlsbad Decrees

This was a diet issued by Klemens Von Metternich which aimed to crack down on liberal breeding grounds in universities, censoring liberal/nationalistic materials.

Peterloo Massacre

A pro-liberal crowd listening to anti-corn law rhetoric were attacked by the police, the press was highly controlled, and mass meeting were abolished.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

On the Addresses to the German Nation - preached of German superiority and critized the jews

John Stuart Mill

On Liberty - Argued for the complete freedom of opinion from censorship and government tyranny

Australian Ballot Act

Under William Gladstone, the ballot and voting process was privatized

Reform Bill of 1867

Under Disraeli, it expanded Reform Bill of 1832, it redistributed seats to provide more equitable representation in the House of Commons and almost all men over 21 who lived in urban cities were granted the right to vote.

Reform Bill of 1884

Under William Gladstone, this granted suffrage to adult males in the rural areas, boroughs, two million agricultural voters were added.

Emancipation Act

Alexander II abolished serfdom and peasants were no longer dependent on their lords and have the freedom of mobility.

July Revolution

King Charles X, sought to impose absolutism, so in response, the french people incited a rebellion, forcing Charles X to abdicate the throne and replaced him with King Louis Phillipe, the bourgeouisie king, and a new constitutional monarchy.

Italian Revolution of 1848

Led by Giuseppe Mazzini and Garibaldi, italian nationalists expelled Austrian rulers from Milan and Bourbon rulers from Sicily and Naples, aiming to end the foreign domination of Italy

Lord Byron

She Walks in Beauty, about his cousin in mourning and her beauty in comparison to nature.

February Revolution

Louis Phillipe and his finance minister refused to enact electoral reforms, thus the people incited a rebellion and forced Phillipe to abdicate the throne, replacing him with a temporary government, the Provisional government of the Second French Republic, led by Alphonse Lamartine.

Ems Dispatch

Developed by Otto Von Bismarck. Bismarck sought to provoke a war with France, so he boasted that a French diplomat had been kicked out of Germany , so an enraged France declared war on Germany

Plombieres

Developed by Count Cavour. Cavour gained a promise from Napoleon III after helping France in the Crimean war, that france would support a piedmont war with Austria in exchange for Nice and Savoy

Falloux Laws

Developed by Louis Napoleon III, returned the jurisdiction of education to the church for their support of his then conservative rule in the second french republic.

Pogroms

Continued by Alexander III of Russia, government sanctioned antisemitism

Dreyfus Affair

General Dreyfus, a jewish man, was accused to sending information to the German spys and responsible for France’s defeat in the Franco-Prussian war

Peter Stolypin

October Manifesto

Russian constitution after Revolution of 1905 under Nicholas II,