Chemistry Lecture Notes Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to chemistry topics discussed in the lecture notes.

Valence Electrons

The electrons in an atom's outermost shell.

Isoelectronic

When two atoms have the same electron configuration.

Covalent Bond

A bond consisting of two shared electrons.

Noble Gases

Elements that have a complete valence shell and are stable.

Periodic Trend

A pattern that describes how certain properties of elements change across the periodic table.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

Polar Covalent Bond

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A bond in which electrons are shared equally between atoms.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds made up of cations and anions, often forming crystalline structures.

Lewis Structure

A diagram that represents the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons.

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound.

Atomic Radius

Half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

VSEPR Theory

The theory that predicts the shape of molecules based on repulsion between electron pairs.

Dipole Moment

A measure of the polarity of a chemical bond.

Lone Pair

A pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom.