lifespan development ch 11-15

define emerging adulthood

the period of life between the ages of 18 and 25, now considered a distinct developmental stage

define organ reserve

the capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress, via extra, unused functioning ability

what percentage of emerging adults die between 18-25?

90%

what choices are influenced by postformal thought?

choice of partner, education, location for home, individual values

define moratorium

an adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions such as going to college

define intimacy vs isolation

the 6th of Erikson’s eight stages of development. adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an eduring and self-sacrificing commitment. without such commitment, they risk profound aloneness and isolation

what might a moratorium lead young adults to do?

take gap year, temporary work, volunteer, intern for little pay

what are the two forms of intimate partner violence?

situational couple violence

• fighting between partners that is brought on more by the situation than by the deep personality problems of the individuals. both partners are typically victims and abusers

intimate terrorism

• a violent and demanding form of abuse in a romantic relationship, in which the victim (usually AFAB) is frightened to fight back, seek help, or withdraw. the victim is in danger of both physical and psychological harm

what percentage of emerging adults still live at home?

71%

what do friends provide for young adults?

provide empathy, emotional maturity/growth, companionship

define senescence

the process of aging, whereby the body becomes less strong and less efficient

in what ways do the senses decline in adulthood?

• peripheral vision narrows, colors may face

• nearsightedness worsens, farsightedness betters with lens change

• high pitch sounds difficult to hear

• use of technological intervention helps

  • ex: hearing aids, glasses, walker, large font

define menopause

the time in middle age, usually around 50, when a woman’s menstrual periods cease and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops

define andropause

men’s age-related lower testosterone level, which reduces sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass

in what age range does menopause occur for AFAB?

between 42-58 yrs old

what are the names of health reducing drugs for adults?

opioid

• increased between 2000 - 2017

caffiene

• increases anxiety, decreases depression

marijuana

• depression, anxiety, aggression, sleep disturbance

tobacco

• cancer, heart disease, stroke, emphysema

alcohol

• brain cell destruction, liver damage, infertility

• osteoporosis, cancer

• increases rates of suicide, homicide, accidents

what are the 5 causes for brain loss?

• drug abuse

• poor circulation - hypertension, obesity, smoking

• viruses

• genes - Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, neurocognitive disorders

• traumatic brain injury (TBI) - concussion, whiplash, loud noise

define selective optimization with compensation

the theory that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well

what are the names of the 4 components of expertise?

intuition

• rely on experience, allows intuitive actions, not procedural

automatic

• process into quickly, analyze situation more efficiently

strategic

• have abundant strategies to overcome the unexpected

flexible

• enjoy when able to be creative/experimental if plans fall apart

define humanism

a theory that stresses the potentiall of all humans, who have the same basic needs regardless of culture, gender, or background

define The Big Five

the five basic clusters of personality traits that remain quite stable throughout adulthood

what does OCEAN stand for?

• openess - imaginative, curious, artistic, creative, open to new experiences

• conscientiousness - organized, deliberate, conforming, self-disciplined

• extroversion - outgoing, assertive, active

• agreeableness - kind, helpful, easygoing, generous

• neuroticism - anxious, moody, self-punishing, critical

define living apart together (LAT)

the term for couples who are committed to each other and spend time together but maintain separate homes

what percentage of first marriages fail?

40%, higher in subsequent marriages

what five types of relationships provide connection in adulthood?

romantic partners, friends, aquaintances, family, and fictive kin

define social convoy

collectively, the family members, friends, acquaintances, and even strangers who move through the years of life with a person

define fictive kin

people who become accepted as part of the family in which they are not genetically or legally members

what issues may occur when needs are not met during unemployment?

may lead to depression, substance abuse, domestic abuse

define young-old

healthy, vigorous, financially secure older adults who are well integrated into the loves of their families and communities

• makes uo 74% of elder group

define oldest-old

older adults who are dependent on others for almost everything, requiring supportive services such as nursing homes and hospital stays

• 6% of elder group

define ageism

a prejudice whereby people are categorized and judged soley on the basis of their chronological age

in what ways does ageism play a role in older adult’s lack of movement?

• gym classes often aimed for young bodies

• workout clothing designed for young bodies

• bikes designed for speed, not stability

• young folk “help” by providing items, food, drink

what is the max lifespan for humans?

~122 yrs

define cellular aging

the cumulative effect of stress and toxins, first causing cellular damage and eventually the death of cells

define telomeres

the area of the tips of each chromosome that is reduce a tiny amount as time passes. by the end of life, the telomeres are very short

what are the 5 stages of alzheimer’s?

• forgetfullness of recent events/new information

• generalized confusion

• dangerous memory loss

• impaired communication

• unresponsiveness

what are the symptoms of vascular disease?

• blood vessels in brain temporarily obstructed

• reduces oxygen, destroys parts of brain

• symptoms: blurred vision, weak, paralyzed limbs, slurred speech, mental confusion

describe prospective memory and what are some examples?

remembering something to do in the future

• taking medicine, meeting someone for lunch, going to appointment

define altruism

the motivation to help other, even when doing so is costly

define integrity vs despair

the final stage of Erikson’s developmental sequence, in which older adults seek to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community

how does hoarding help older adults’ sense of identity?

leaving a decades long space, throwing away objects from different times is scary

• may create sense of abandoning own history

may develop as way to maintain the self/who they are

define positivity effect

the tendency for older people to percieve, prefer, and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones

how do younger adults view life in the “glass” metaphor? Older adults?

younger adults - glass half empty

older adults - glass half full

define filial responsibility

the obligation of adult children to care for their aging parents

what are the names of the 4 realtionships in older adulthood?

long-term partnerships - spouse buffer effects of old age

intergenerational relationships - living with younger generations

grandparents and great-grandparents - 85% of elders are grandparents, varied relationships with childrem

friendships - chosen family, extremely important

define NORC

Naturally Occurring Retirement Community

• a neighborhood or apartment complex whose population is mostly retired people who moved to the location as younger adults and never left

what does the acronym DEATH stand for, and what are ADLs

Activities of Daily Life

• typically identified as 5 tasks of self-care that are important to independent living. the inability to perform any of these tasks in a sign of fraility

  • dressing, eating, ambulating(moving), toileting, hygiene

what do IADLs require that ADLs do not?

Instrumental Activities of Daily Life

• actions that are important to independent living and that require some intellectual competence and forethought

  • managing medical care, food preparation, transportation, communication, maintaining household, managing finances

What makes elder abuse more likely to occur?

• caregiver mentally suffering, is abusing substances

• older adult is frail, confused, demanding

• care location isolated from family and friends