Chapter 1 & 2 Chemistry

Aluminum

Aluminum

Al

Antimony

Sb

Argon

Ar

Arsenic

As

Barium

Ba

Beryllium

Be

Boron

B

Bromine

Br

Cadmium

Cd

Calcium

Ca

Carbon

C

Chlorine

Cl

Chromium

Cr

Cobalt

Co

Copper

Cu

Fluorine

F

Gallium

Ga

Germanium

Ge

Gold

Au

Helium

He

Hydrogen

H

Iodine

I

Iron

Fe

Krypton

Kr

Lead

Pb

Lithium

Li

Magnesium

Mg

Manganese

Mn

Mercury

Hg

Neon

Ne

Nickel

Ni

Nitrogen

N

Oxygen

O

Phosphorus

P

Plutonium

Pu

Potassium

K

Selenium

Se

Silicon

Si

Silver

Ag

Sodium

Na

Strontium

Sr

Sulfur

S

Tin

Sn

Titanium

Ti

Tellurium

Te

Tungsten

W

Uranium

U

Zinc

Zn

Platnium

Pt

The study of the composition of substances and the changes they undergo​

What is Chemistry

the study of substances with carbon

organic chemistry​

the study of substances without carbon

Inorganic chemistry

the study of the composition of substances​

Analytical Chemistry

concerned with theories and experiments that describes the behavior of chemicals​

Physical Chemistry

the study of the chemistry of living organisms​

Biochemistry

2. Hypothesis

3. Conduct experiments

4. Develop a theory

5. Develop a law

Observation

1. Observation

3. Conduct experiments

4. Develop a theory

5. Develop a law

Hypothesis

1. Observation

2. Hypothesis

4. Develop a theory

5. Develop a law

Conduct experiments

1. Observation

2. Hypothesis

3. Conduct experiments

5. Develop a law

Develop a theory

1. Observation

2. Hypothesis

3. Conduct experiments

4. Develop a theory

Develop a law

What is a hypothesis

a testable prediction

the manipulated variable​

Independent variable

the responding variable

Dependent Variable

Anything that takes up space and has mass​

Matter

The amount of matter in an object​

Mass

The amount of space occupied by an object​

Volume

A particular kind of matter that has a uniform and definite composition ​

Substance

**Property that depends on the amount of matter present.**​

Extensive Property

Property that does not depend on the amount of matter present only on the type of matter.  Example: density​

Intensive Property

definite shape and volume, incompressible and do not expand much​

Solid

definite volume but takes shape of container, incompressible​

Liquid

takes both the shape and volume of container, easily compressed and will expand​

gas

Gaseous state that is generally a solid or liquid at room temperature​

Vapor

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition ​

Physical Property

Alters a substance without changing its composition (what it is made of does not change)​ ENDS IN ING

Physical Change

• A mixture that is completely uniform throughout​

• Also known as a solution

• A solution may be a solid (stainless steel), liquid (Coca Cola) or a gas (air).​

homogeneous

• A mixture that is not uniform throughout (Italian salad dressing, bag of M & M’s)​

• Oil and water is a ______ mixture with two phases​

heterogeneous

A physical blend of 2 or more substances

Mixture

Any part of a sample with uniform composition

Phase

The process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.​

filtration

Using the boiling point of a liquid to separate out substances dissolved in the liquid.​

distillation

Simplest form of matter that can exist under normal laboratory conditions.  It cannot be separated into smaller substances.  There are more than 100 _____​

Element

The substance can be separated into substances (elements) only by chemical reactions​

A compound may have very different properties as compared to its elements.​

Example:​

NaCl-  Salt​

Na (sodium) is very explosive​

Cl (Chlorine) is very toxic   ​

Compound

The breaking down of a substance​

One or more substances change into new substance​

Chemical Reaction

Indications of a Chemical Reaction​

color change, smell change, fizzez, temperature change

a substance present at the start of the reaction​

Left side

Reactant

a substance produced in the reaction​

Right side​

Product

A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture.​

precipitate

the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction and to form a new substance​

Chemical Property

the change of one or more substances into other substances, this involves the rearrangement of atoms.​ ENDS IN ING

Chemical Change

During a chemical reaction the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.​

Conservation of Mass

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed only changed.​

Law of conservation of mass