Life Span CH9 PART 1

Puberty =

when your body starts changing into an adult body

when your body starts changing into an adult body

• You grow _____

• Your body becomes able to _____

faster; reproduce

Puberty Begins

Compared to school years:

growth speeds up

Puberty Begins

New dimension?

Sexual maturation

Puberty Begins

Stressful?

Yes

Puberty Begins

Successful?

Yes

How does puberty start?

A chain reaction in the brain and body

What part of the brain starts puberty?

Hypothalamus

What does the hypothalamus signal?

The pituitary gland

What does the pituitary gland do during puberty?

Signals adrenal glands and gonads

What do adrenal glands and gonads release?

Hormones

What are hormones?

Chemicals that control body changes

What is the correct order of events that starts puberty?

A. Pituitary → Hypothalamus → Hormones → Adrenal glands and gonads
B. Hypothalamus → Adrenal glands and gonads → Pituitary → Hormones
C. Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Adrenal glands and gonads → Hormones
D. Hormones → Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Adrenal glands and gonads

Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Adrenal glands and gonads → Hormones

This chain reaction begins development of:

Primary and Secondary Sex characteristics

major hormone of puberty

GnRH

GnRH causes the sex glands to Increase production of:

1) testosterone

2) estrogen

Hormones can cause:

• Mood swings 😡😭

• Conflict with others

• Sexual feelings

T/F Can surge of hormones affect how teens feel emotionally?

True

Who starts first?

Girls start earlier than boys

When does menarche usually occurs?

around 9–15 years old

Whats is avarage age of menarche?

12 ys

menarche

a girl's first menstrual period

average age of spermarche

is more difficult to date

spermarche

the onset of sperm production and the first ejaculation in males

Why do people start earlier or later?

• G

• B

• S

• S

• Genetics (family)

• Body fat

• Stress

• Sex (male/female)

Earlier puberty →

more body fat

Later puberty →

taller, thinner, less body fat

Athletes & malnourished kids →

often later puberty

Stress levels effect:

 growth hormones

 sexual reproductive hormones

Stress can actually make puberty start _______

earlier

Family stress?

may speed up onset of puberty because it triggers hormones which cause puberty

Girls →

more problems if they mature EARLY

Boys →

more problems if they mature LATE

Growth Spurt

A time when teens grow really fast

How does growth Spurt happen?

Starts at _____

hands and feet

How does growth Spurt happen?

Then moves to the ____

body

🦵 How does growth happen?

• Starts at hands and feet

• Then moves to the body

👉 That’s why teens may look:

• Big feet 👣

• Long legs

• Short torso

Does growth spurt vary?

Yes

Adolescents increase in:

Endurance

Why does endurance increase in adolescents?

Lungs get bigger and heart gets stronger

What happens to the lungs during adolescence?

They triple in weight

What happens to the heart during adolescence?

It doubles in size

What is the result of lymphoid system changes?

Less respiratory illness

Lymphoid system changes:

tonsils and adenoids

Which glands are affected by puberty?

Oil glands, sweat glands, and odor glands

What percent of boys experience acne?

90%

What percent of girls experience acne?

80%

Why is personal hygiene important during adolescence?

Because of sweat, odor, and oil production

What are examples of good hygiene during adolescence?

Using deodorant and body wash

What are Primary Sex Characteristics?

make reproduction possible

Primary Sex Characteristics Girls:

• Ovaries

• Uterus

• Vagina

Primary Sex Characteristics Boys:

• Penis

• Testes

What are Secondary Sex Characteristics?

Physical changes during puberty that make males and females look different, but are NOT directly needed for reproduction

Secondary Sex Characteristics Girls:

 wider pelvis

 fuller breasts

 more body fat

Secondary Sex Characteristics Boys:

 5 inches taller

 shoulders widen

 lowering of voice

Secondary Sex Characteristics Boys & Girls:

pubic and underarm

What improves during adolescence?

Immunity

What is a result of improved immunity in adolescence?

Less childhood illnesses

Why do adolescents need more calories?

Because of rapid growth

Because of fast growth

They need 50% more

• Calcium

• Iron

• Zinc

Most teens are _____with their bodies

unhappy

What can negative body image lead to?

Eating disorders and drug use

What are two eating disorders linked to negative body image?

Anorexia and bulimia

Which group is more likely to develop eating disorders?

Girls

What behavior are boys more likely to engage in due to negative body image?

Drug use

What is happening to the age of marriage in the U.S.?

People are getting married later than before

About how many teens have had sexual intercourse by high school graduation?

About half (1/2)

What does STI stand for?

Sexually Transmitted Infection

Who is more likely to have STIs?

Sexually active teens

Risks for Sexually Active Teens

1) HIV

2) Pregnancy

Higher risk of HIV if:

• Multiple partners

• No condoms

• Already have another infection

When are pregnancy risks higher for adolescents?
When the girl began her cycle within the last 2 years

When the girl began her cycle within the last 2 years

What is a spontaneous abortion?

A miscarriage (loss of the baby)

How can teen pregnancy affect education?

It can slow or interrupt schooling

How can teen pregnancy affect future careers?

It can limit job opportunities

How does teen pregnancy affect personal growth?

It can restrict development and independence

What health risks can occur during teen pregnancy?

High prenatal and birth problems

What is a common risk for babies born to teen mothers?

Low birth weight

What serious risk can affect the baby’s brain?

Brain damage

Teen pregnancy risks are:

 a.) spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

 b.) slows education and vocation

 c.) restricts personal growth

 d.) high prenatal and birth problems

 e.) low birth weight

 f.) brain damage for infant

Sexual Abuse:

Any activity in which an adult uses a non-consenting person for his or her own sexual stimulation or pleasure

Any activity in which an adult uses a non-consenting

person for his or her own sexual stimulation or pleasure

With an Underage child:

child sexual abuse

1 in 5 ____ experience sexual abuse

boys

1 in 3 ____ experience sexual abuse

girls

Effects on SA depend on:

• How often it happens

• Relationship with the adult

• Pressure used

• Child’s development

Gateway Drugs

drugs that can lead to stronger drugs

Drug Abuse can harm both:

physical and psychological

Gateway drugs include:

 Tobacco

 Alcohol

 Marijuana

What does tobacco do to food consumption?

Decreases it

How does tobacco affect nutrients?

Decreases nutrients

How can tobacco affect growth?

It can limit the growth spurt

How does alcohol affect behavior?

It decreases inhibitions and reasoning

Why can alcohol be dangerous?

It can lead to destructive behavior

How does marijuana affect thinking?

It slows down the thinking process

How does marijuana affect motivation?

Causes lack of motivation

How does marijuana affect attitude toward the future?

Causes indifference

What two factors affect drug use?

Culture and cohort

How do peers influence drug use?

They affect how risky and acceptable it seems

What is one factor that protects against drug use?

Problem-solving skills

What is another protective factor?

Sense of competence and well-being