reading check 190-215 age structure/tfr/dynamics/dtm

only vocab

demography

• study of human populations and population trends

demographer

• A scientist in the field of demography

crude birth rate

• The number of births per 1,000 individuals per year

crude death rate

• The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year

life expectancy

average years that an infant born in a particular year/country can live, given the current average life span and death rate

infant mortality rate

• The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births

child mortality rate

• The number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births

environmental justice

study of the more exposure to environmental hazards experienced by minorities; academic field and social movement

age structure diagrams

visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country, males and females

population pyramid

• age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typical of developing countries

population momentum

Continued population growth after growth reduction measures have been implemented

total fertility rate

estimate of average number of children that each woman in a population will have thru her reproductive life (15-49)

family planning

• regulation of the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control

replacement level fertility

total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population and to maintain the current population size

doubling time

The number of years it takes a population to double

rule of 70

dividing the number 70 by the percentage population growth rate → determine a population’s doubling time

theory of demographic transition

country moves from high to lower birth and death rates as development occurs and from a preindustrial to an industrialized economic system, with a predictable shift in population

IPAT equation

conceptual representation of the three major factors that influence environmental Impact: Population of humans, Affluence, Technology