APUSH Unit 1

vocabulary

1491 - 1607

1491 - 1607

Pre-Columbus - Jamestown

Pueblo

Native Americans living in present day Southwest; can also refer to living structure

Chinook

Native Americans living in present day Pacific Northwest (washington, oregon, idaho)

Iroquois

Native Americans living in present day Northeast

Algonquin

Native Americans living from Atlantic Coast to Great Lakes (very vast)

• Columbian Exchange

Exchange of crops, animals, people, and disease (small pox)

• Feudalism

Social and economic system based on ownership of land

• Capitalism

Social and economic system based on exchange of goods and labor. After Columbus capitalism became prime in New World

• Joint stock companies

businesses owned by share holders; invested in exploration and colonization. Similar to modern day stock markets,

Sextant

navigation tool used to measure angle from celestial object and the horizon)

Astrolabe

similar to sextant, however measured latitude south and north.

Mita system

Crown allowed some colonists to recruit Native Americans for forced labor.

Christopher Columbus

Landed in the Bahamas in 1492 and claimed everything for King and Queen of Spain. By 1504 had made 4 voyages to the New World

Juan Ponce de Leon

Spanish Explorer who discovered modern day Florida. First governor of Puerto Rico.

St. Augustine (1565)

The oldest continually inhabited European settlement in United States territory and first Spanish colony

Walter Raleigh

Englishman who sponsored the failed attempt to establish an English colony at Roanoke.

Roanoke, 1586

Present day North Carolina, not enough supplies so Walter returned to England but returned to nothing (no idea what happened to colony)

• Encomienda System

Spanish System to regulate and control Native Americans. The Spanish crown granted Spanish colonists a specific number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility. Biggest responsibility was to convert Natives to Christianity.

Conquistadores

Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory. Goal was to conquer Natives

Smallpox

A disease that Europeans brought to New World. Euros didn't understand disease and believed God was on their side clearing the way to the New World.

Caste system

Spanish social structure based on race. Non-negotional

Spanish Missions System

System of churches setup by Spaniards in New World. (Religious conversion)

Mestizo

A person of mixed Spanish (European) and Native American ancestry.

Zambo

People of mixed Native American and African descent. Lowest tier of social class, with no rights whatsoever.

Juan de Sepulveda

Spaniard who supported the Spanish Empire's right of conquest and colonization in the New World. He also argued in favor of the Christianize of Native Americans.

Bartolome de Las Casas

Was against harsh treatment of Native Americans and Spanish Colonization. Was a Spaniard.

Juan de Onate

Spanish explorer and conquistador. He claimed New Mexico for Spain in 1598 and served as its governor until 1607. Killed over 800 in revolt against the Acoma Pueblo (Acoma Massacre)

Maroons

African refugees who escaped from slavery

African American Religion

Mix of African beliefs and Christian theology